Stojanović Tijana D, Rakić Marija R, Ćosić Marija V, Oalđe Pavlović Mariana M, Sabovljević Aneta D, Sabovljević Marko S, Božić Bojan Đ, Božić Nedeljković Biljana Đ, Vujičić Milorad M, Lunić Tanja M
Public Company "Nuclear Facilities of Serbia", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Cells. 2025 May 26;14(11):780. doi: 10.3390/cells14110780.
Neuroinflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and there is increasing interest in identifying natural compounds with anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological activities of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from five moss species (, , , , and ) with a focus on their neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory potential. Phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of phenols (up to 24.77 mg GAE/g), phenolic acids (up to 235.48 mg CAE/g), and triterpenoids (up to 367.98 mg UAE/g). A series of assays, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and tyrosinase inhibition, MTT, NBT, Griess, and ELISA, were used to assess their bioactivity. Several extracts, particularly ethanolic, significantly inhibited AChE activity, while tyrosinase inhibition was moderate and concentration-dependent. Most extracts maintained >85% cell metabolic activity in BV2 mouse microglia and L929 mouse fibroblasts. Moss extracts significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in BV2 cells and reduced microglia-mediated neurotoxicity in undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells. These findings indicate that moss-derived extracts possess promising anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective properties that warrant further investigation.
神经炎症在神经退行性疾病的发病机制中起核心作用，人们对鉴定具有抗神经炎症和神经保护作用的天然化合物的兴趣与日俱增。在本研究中，我们旨在研究五种苔藓植物（、、、和）的乙醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物的生物活性，重点关注其神经保护和抗神经炎症潜力。植物化学分析表明存在酚类（高达24.77毫克没食子酸当量/克）、酚酸（高达235.48毫克咖啡酸当量/克）和三萜类化合物（高达367.98毫克熊果酸当量/克）。使用一系列实验，包括乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和酪氨酸酶抑制实验、MTT实验、NBT实验、格里斯实验和ELISA实验来评估其生物活性。几种提取物，尤其是乙醇提取物，显著抑制AChE活性，而酪氨酸酶抑制作用中等且呈浓度依赖性。大多数提取物在BV2小鼠小胶质细胞和L929小鼠成纤维细胞中保持>85%的细胞代谢活性。苔藓提取物显著抑制脂多糖（LPS）诱导的BV2细胞中活性氧（ROS）、一氧化氮（NO）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的产生，并降低未分化的SH-SY5Y细胞中小胶质细胞介导的神经毒性。这些发现表明，苔藓提取物具有有前景的抗神经炎症和神经保护特性，值得进一步研究。
