The Influence of the ACTN3 R577X Genotype on Performance in Brazilian National-Level Decathlon Athletes: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND

Decathlon is a multimodality sport that requires the combination of endurance, strength, speed, and agility. A polymorphism present in the gene encoding for alpha-actinin-3 () potentially influences sports performance, since this protein is a structural component of skeletal muscle contributing to muscle contraction effectiveness.

AIM

To investigate whether the presence of the polymorphism is associated with decathlon athletes' performance in the different modalities of decathlon.

METHODS

Thirty-one male athletes from the Brazilian national federation of decathlon aged between 18 and 50 years were genotyped for the polymorphism using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The athletes' latest decathlon performances were recorded over ten competitions. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was verified. Pearson's correlation coefficient was utilized to assess the relationship between the obtained sports performance (score) by event and sets of events (speed events, jumps, and throws) with significance considered at < 0.05.

RESULTS

Strong and significant correlations were identified between the speed events, the jumping, and the launching performances. Among the athletes, the distribution of genotypes was as follows: -51.6%, -48.4%, and -0%, indicating a complete absence of homozygosity for the non-functional allele in this cohort. No significant differences in sports performance (score) could be observed based on the genotype.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results may support the importance of the genotype, specifically, the presence of the allele, as one of the contributive factors for athletes' performance in modalities that involve muscle strength, power, and speed. However, given the small sample size and the retrospective nature of this study, further research is warranted.