Erjefält Jonas S
Unit of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
Cells. 2025 Jun 5;14(11):847. doi: 10.3390/cells14110847.
Eosinophils are increasingly recognized as adaptable immune cells that exhibit diverse phenotypes and effector functions across different tissues and disease states. While they can induce pathology through degranulation and cytotoxic mediator release, eosinophils also fulfill regulatory and tissue repair roles. Advances in single-cell and spatial technologies have begun to reveal how microenvironmental cues (including cytokines, chemokines, and cell-cell interactions) shape eosinophil behavior in health and disease. These insights are critical for understanding why certain patients respond variably to therapies targeting eosinophils and related type 2 pathways. By dissecting eosinophil heterogeneity in real human tissues, researchers may identify new biomarkers, refine endotyping approaches, and develop more precise therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes emerging concepts of eosinophil biology in inflammatory conditions, highlights the impact of spatial context on eosinophil functions, and discusses the future of advanced phenotyping in guiding personalized treatments.
嗜酸性粒细胞越来越被认为是适应性免疫细胞，在不同组织和疾病状态下表现出多样的表型和效应功能。虽然它们可通过脱颗粒和释放细胞毒性介质诱导病理状态，但嗜酸性粒细胞也发挥调节和组织修复作用。单细胞和空间技术的进展已开始揭示微环境线索（包括细胞因子、趋化因子和细胞间相互作用）如何在健康和疾病中塑造嗜酸性粒细胞的行为。这些见解对于理解为何某些患者对靶向嗜酸性粒细胞及相关2型途径的疗法反应各异至关重要。通过剖析真实人体组织中的嗜酸性粒细胞异质性，研究人员可能识别出新的生物标志物、完善内型分类方法并制定更精确的治疗策略。本综述总结了炎症状态下嗜酸性粒细胞生物学的新兴概念，强调空间背景对嗜酸性粒细胞功能的影响，并讨论了先进表型分析在指导个性化治疗方面的未来发展。
