Mondal Triptesh, Rayanoothala Pravallika Sree, Mondal Debasmita, Mishra Alaka, Joy Jince Mary Mundonayil
Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, India.
Department of Plant Pathology, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 May;32(25):15086-15095. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36629-4. Epub 2025 Jun 11.
Health of soil has a vital role in sustainable agriculture to ensure food security and preserve the environment. Global food demand is rising day by day, and crop plants fall in front of many challenges due to degeneration of soil as a result of non-judicious application of chemicals as well as water and air pollution. Collaborative efforts by farmers, policymakers, and researchers to promote sustainable practices are today's need. Strategies like cover cropping, crop rotation, reduced tillage, organic matter addition, integrated nutrient, and pest management are required for betterment of soil health and securing long-term agricultural viability. Management options for improving soil health are also necessary to mitigate different biotic and abiotic stresses and enhance crop yield. Stressors to soil biodiversity include excessive grazing, declining soil organic matter, pollution, soil erosion, land degradation, intense human usage, climate change, and loss of aboveground biodiversity. Assessment of the threats to soil biodiversity and taking appropriate action are required for sustainability of agriculture in world. Microbial capacities are generally linked to soil health and sustainability of agriculture through their functional abilities to nutrient acquisition, mobilization, fixation, recycling, decomposition, degradation, and remediation in soil. This review deals with important variables to take into account when evaluating the soil biodiversity, soil quality, and principles as well as components of soil health in sustainable agricultural systems.
土壤健康在可持续农业中起着至关重要的作用，以确保粮食安全和保护环境。全球粮食需求日益增长，由于不合理使用化学品以及水和空气污染导致土壤退化，农作物面临诸多挑战。农民、政策制定者和研究人员共同努力推广可持续做法是当今的需求。为改善土壤健康和确保长期农业可持续性，需要采用覆盖作物种植、轮作、减少耕作、添加有机物质、综合养分和病虫害管理等策略。改善土壤健康的管理措施对于减轻不同的生物和非生物胁迫以及提高作物产量也很有必要。土壤生物多样性的压力源包括过度放牧、土壤有机质下降、污染、土壤侵蚀、土地退化、人类高强度使用、气候变化以及地上生物多样性丧失。评估土壤生物多样性面临的威胁并采取适当行动对于全球农业的可持续性至关重要。微生物能力通常通过其在土壤中获取、调动、固定、循环利用、分解、降解和修复养分的功能能力与土壤健康和农业可持续性相关联。本综述探讨了在评估可持续农业系统中的土壤生物多样性、土壤质量以及土壤健康的原则和组成部分时需要考虑的重要变量。
