Kim Carla Y, Holroyd Kathryn B, Thakur Kiran T
Program in Neuroinfectious Diseases, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Curr Opin Neurol. 2025 Aug 1;38(4):436-442. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001401. Epub 2025 Jun 11.
Direct neurological consequences from emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases such as poliomyelitis, West Nile virus and Zika virus, and those with indirect neurological effects such as COVID-19 and Influenza, are major contributors to the profound impact of infectious diseases on global human health. Here, we highlight select infections of the nervous system of public health significance and discuss some of the key factors of emergence. We focus on vector-borne infections including Oropouche virus and West Nile virus, those transmitted by other nonvector animal species including Nipah and Hendra virus, and vaccine preventable infections including neurological effects of Measles virus.
Currently, the emergence of Oropouche virus, Avian Influenza, and the re-emergence of Measles outbreaks across Europe and America, are examples of current emerging infectious disease outbreaks. As pathogens spread to new areas, we will continue to see a rise in populations at risk of severe neurological effects. The recent resurgence of measles virus cases exemplifies the importance of strong vaccination programs and preventive public health measures to mitigate the impact of preventable re-emerging infections in vulnerable populations.
Neuroinfectious diseases will continue to drive significant morbidity and mortality on global populations as risk factors remain high, and global public health initiatives are hampered by inadequate governmental support.
诸如脊髓灰质炎、西尼罗河病毒和寨卡病毒等新出现和再次出现的传染病所导致的直接神经后果，以及诸如新冠病毒和流感等具有间接神经影响的疾病，是传染病对全球人类健康产生深远影响的主要因素。在此，我们重点介绍具有公共卫生意义的特定神经系统感染，并讨论一些新出现的关键因素。我们关注媒介传播的感染，包括奥罗普切病毒和西尼罗河病毒；由其他非媒介动物物种传播的感染，包括尼帕病毒和亨德拉病毒；以及可通过疫苗预防的感染，包括麻疹病毒的神经学影响。
目前，奥罗普切病毒、禽流感的出现，以及麻疹疫情在欧美地区的再次爆发，都是当前新出现的传染病疫情的例子。随着病原体传播到新的地区，我们将继续看到面临严重神经影响风险的人群数量增加。近期麻疹病毒病例的再度出现，例证了强有力的疫苗接种计划和预防性公共卫生措施对于减轻弱势群体中可预防的再次出现感染的影响的重要性。
由于风险因素仍然很高，且全球公共卫生倡议因政府支持不足而受阻，神经感染性疾病将继续给全球人口带来重大的发病率和死亡率。
