Association between hematological disorders and gallbladder stones: A review of current evidence.

Gallbladder stones, a prevalent biliary tract disease, have multifactorial etiologies including metabolic, genetic, and environmental factors. Emerging evidence suggests that hematological disorders, particularly those involving hemolysis or impaired erythropoiesis, may play a significant role in the formation of gallbladder stones, predominantly pigment stones. This review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms linking hematological disorders, such as hemolytic anemias, myeloproliferative disorders, and hematological malignancies, with gallbladder stone development. We also examine the influence of treatments for hematological conditions, such as blood transfusions and chemotherapy, on gallstone risk. Additionally, this article discusses the clinical implications of gallbladder stones in patients with hematological disorders, including diagnostic challenges, management strategies, and surgical considerations. By providing a comprehensive overview of current knowledge, this review aims to highlight the need for further research into the interplay between hematological disorders and gallbladder stones, potentially improving preventive and therapeutic strategies in these patient populations.