Razi Abdolah, Ghiaei Azita, Dolatabadi Fahimeh Kamali, Haghighi Ramin
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
Department of Microbiology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 Aug 30;11:1401808. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1401808. eCollection 2024.
Urinary stone disease (USD) is a prevalent urological condition, ranking as one of the most common urinary tract disorders globally. Various risk factors influence the formation of kidney stones, and recent research indicates a rising prevalence of urolithiasis worldwide, particularly in developing countries. While the morbidity associated with urinary stones has decreased in recent years, long-term complications such as stone recurrence, kidney failure, and uremia continue to burden patients. Understanding the etiologies of urolithiasis, including the role of bacteria, is crucial as they can contribute to stone recurrence. The incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) stones can be attributed to specific infectious risk factors, socio-demographic factors, and comorbid metabolic disorders. This review article explores the emerging evidence suggesting the involvement of bacteria in USD. It discusses the potential role of microorganisms in non-infection stones and highlights the association between UTIs and urolithiasis. Furthermore, it surveys the relationship between kidney stones and recurrent UTIs and the formation of bacterial biofilms in UTIs. Considering various risk factors, including biochemical stone analysis and the presence of bacteria, is essential for treating patients with infectious stones optimally. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of the association between bacteria and urinary stones in patients with urolithiasis, shedding light on the pathophysiology of urinary stone formation, urinary stone characteristics, and the urinary microbiome in urinary stones.
尿路结石病（USD）是一种常见的泌尿系统疾病，是全球最常见的尿路疾病之一。多种风险因素影响肾结石的形成，最近的研究表明，全球范围内尿石症的患病率在上升，尤其是在发展中国家。虽然近年来与尿路结石相关的发病率有所下降，但结石复发、肾衰竭和尿毒症等长期并发症仍然给患者带来负担。了解尿石症的病因，包括细菌的作用，至关重要，因为它们会导致结石复发。尿路感染（UTI）结石的发病率可归因于特定的感染风险因素、社会人口因素和合并的代谢紊乱。这篇综述文章探讨了表明细菌与尿路结石病有关的新证据。它讨论了微生物在非感染性结石中的潜在作用，并强调了尿路感染与尿石症之间的关联。此外，它还调查了肾结石与复发性尿路感染之间的关系以及尿路感染中细菌生物膜的形成。考虑各种风险因素，包括生化结石分析和细菌的存在，对于最佳治疗感染性结石患者至关重要。这篇综述旨在提供对尿路结石病患者中细菌与尿路结石之间关联的最新认识，阐明尿路结石形成的病理生理学、尿路结石特征以及尿路结石中的泌尿微生物群。
