Alsaigh Sultan H, Aloqla Abdulhakeem A, Alzaaqi Faisal O, Alsowiyan Asma A, Almutairi Abdulrahman K, Mohamed Amal, Almutiq Abdulrahman M
Surgery, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, SAU.
General Surgery, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, SAU.
Cureus. 2025 May 12;17(5):e83964. doi: 10.7759/cureus.83964. eCollection 2025 May.
Introduction Seasonal variation is a common factor in the development of gastrointestinal conditions, including gallstone complications such as chronic cholecystitis, acute cholecystitis (AC), and acute biliary pancreatitis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of seasonal temperature variation on the incidence of gallstone complications in adult patients admitted to King Fahad Specialist Hospital (KFSH) in Buraydah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 1,719 complete medical records of adult patients (>15 years) undergoing emergent or elective cholecystectomy at KFSH, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, for gallstone-related indications (acute biliary pancreatitis, AC, common bile duct (CBD) or biliary obstruction, chronic cholecystitis, first-time diagnosed uncomplicated gallstones). Patients <15 years and those with incomplete records, non-gallstone, or rare gallstone complications (e.g., fistula, polyps, adenomyomatosis, Lemmel syndrome, Mirizzi syndrome, malignancy) were excluded. Diagnoses were standardized via validated ultrasound reports, and seasons were assigned based on the latest ultrasound diagnosis. Data were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0 (Released 2020; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results The study revealed that the summer season had the highest frequency of first-time diagnosed gallstones with and without complications (n=716, 41.7%). Overall, the prevalence of gallstone complications was found in 528 patients (30.7%). The most common gallstone complications were AC (49.2%, 260 cases), followed by CBD or biliary tree obstruction (31.4%, 166 cases). Additionally, age (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.092; 95%CI=1.214- 3.603; p=0.008) and gender (AOR=1.590; 95%CI=1.280- 1.976; p <0.001) were identified as significant independent predictors of gallstone complications, with male patients and those aged 65 years and above being more likely to develop gallstone complications Conclusion The study demonstrated a trend toward increased gallstone complications during the summer season among adult patients in Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; however, this seasonal variation was not statistically significant after multivariate analysis (p = 0.318). Male sex and age ≥65 years were identified as significant predictors. These findings support targeted awareness efforts focused on high-risk populations.
引言 季节变化是胃肠道疾病发生发展的一个常见因素，包括胆结石并发症，如慢性胆囊炎、急性胆囊炎（AC）和急性胆源性胰腺炎。本研究的目的是评估季节温度变化对沙特阿拉伯布赖代法赫德国王专科医院（KFSH）成年住院患者胆结石并发症发生率的影响。方法 这项回顾性研究分析了1719份沙特阿拉伯布赖代法赫德国王专科医院成年患者（>15岁）因胆结石相关指征（急性胆源性胰腺炎、AC、胆总管（CBD）或胆道梗阻、慢性胆囊炎、首次诊断为无并发症胆结石）接受急诊或择期胆囊切除术的完整病历。排除年龄<15岁以及记录不完整、非胆结石或罕见胆结石并发症（如瘘管、息肉、腺肌病、勒梅尔综合征、米里齐综合征、恶性肿瘤）的患者。通过经过验证的超声报告对诊断进行标准化，并根据最新的超声诊断确定季节。使用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows 27.0版（2020年发布；IBM公司，美国纽约州阿蒙克）处理数据。结果 研究表明，夏季首次诊断出的有并发症和无并发症胆结石的发生率最高（n=716，41.7%）。总体而言，528例患者（30.7%）存在胆结石并发症。最常见的胆结石并发症是AC（49.2%，260例），其次是CBD或胆道梗阻（31.4%，166例）。此外，年龄（调整后比值比（AOR）=2.092；95%置信区间=1.214 - 3.603；p=0.008）和性别（AOR=1.590；95%置信区间=1.280 - 1.976；p<0.001）被确定为胆结石并发症的重要独立预测因素，男性患者以及65岁及以上患者更易发生胆结石并发症。结论 该研究表明，沙特阿拉伯布赖代的成年患者在夏季胆结石并发症有增加的趋势；然而，多因素分析后这种季节变化无统计学意义（p = 0.318）。男性和年龄≥65岁被确定为重要预测因素。这些发现支持针对高危人群开展有针对性的宣传工作。
