Zimmermann Milan, Sünkel Ulrike, Wurster Isabel, Lerche Stefanie, Hobert Markus A, Schulte Claudia, von Thaler Anna-Katharina, Berg Daniela, Maetzler Walter, Fallgatter Andreas, Eschweiler Gerhard W, Gasser Thomas, Brockmann Kathrin, Roeben Benjamin
Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076, City of Tuebingen, Germany.
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, City of Tuebingen, Germany.
Geroscience. 2025 Jun 12. doi: 10.1007/s11357-025-01731-5.
The process of ageing is extremely variable in progression and phenotypic features including significant variations in disease milestones, such as cognitive impairment, frailty, or recurrent falls. Our aim was to analyze the influence of lifestyle factors on motor and cognitive performance in a longitudinal ageing study in older people on healthy ageing. We conducted a longitudinal analysis in a cohort of 744 older participants (mean 70 years) over an 8-year period. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERADplus) test battery, including the Trail Making Test (TMT) for executive function. Gait performance was evaluated by measuring gait velocity. Dual-task performance was assessed by measuring gait velocity while checking boxes. Body Mass Index (BMI) was also recorded. Symptoms of depression were examined using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). We observed higher cognitive functions in individuals adhering to a high-frequency physical activity regimen and a resilient plant-based diet. Additionally, these individuals exhibited lower BDI-II scores and experienced mitigated cognitive decline. Participants who combined high physical activity, a high intake of plant-based foods, and extensive education-referred to as having a high "successful ageing index" -maintained nearly constant CERADplus total scores over the 8-year period. Protective lifestyle factors are linked to better cognitive and motor performance and a slower decline in cognitive function, indicating healthy ageing. Since the factors diet and exercise are modifiable, adopting them may enhance cognitive performance and autonomy in older adults.
衰老过程在进展和表型特征方面极具变异性，包括疾病里程碑方面的显著差异，如认知障碍、身体虚弱或反复跌倒。我们的目的是在一项针对老年人健康衰老的纵向衰老研究中，分析生活方式因素对运动和认知表现的影响。我们对744名老年参与者（平均70岁）的队列进行了为期8年的纵向分析。认知表现通过阿尔茨海默病注册协会（CERADplus）测试组合进行评估，包括用于执行功能的连线测验（TMT）。步态表现通过测量步速来评估。双重任务表现通过在勾选方框时测量步速来评估。还记录了体重指数（BMI）。使用贝克抑郁量表（BDI-II）检查抑郁症状。我们观察到，坚持高频体育活动方案和富有弹性的植物性饮食的个体具有更高的认知功能。此外，这些个体的BDI-II得分较低，认知衰退也有所减轻。将高体力活动、高植物性食物摄入量和广泛教育结合起来（即具有高“成功衰老指数”）的参与者在8年期间的CERADplus总分几乎保持不变。具有保护作用的生活方式因素与更好的认知和运动表现以及更缓慢的认知功能衰退相关，表明是健康衰老。由于饮食和运动因素是可以改变的，采用这些因素可能会提高老年人的认知表现和自主性。
