Torcia Eleonora, Familiari Alessandra, Passananti Elvira, Alesi Maria Vittoria, di Marco Giulia, Romanzi Federica, De Santis Marco, Ghi Tullio, Bevilacqua Elisa
Department of Women and Child Health Sciences and Public Health, Women Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 May 31;15(11):1397. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15111397.
In 2024, Europe experienced a significant upsurge in cases of Parvovirus B19 (B19V), the etiological agent of erythema infectiosum, also known as fifth disease. The prevalence of B19V in pregnant women, a particularly vulnerable population, holds critical clinical significance. Typically, B19V follows a well-documented seasonal pattern, with annual epidemics peaking in the spring and larger outbreaks occurring approximately every four years. B19V exhibits a tropism for erythroid precursor cells, potentially resulting in fetal anemia and, in the most severe scenarios, intrauterine demise. Severe in utero infections necessitate intrauterine erythrocyte transfusion (IUT), a highly specialized and technically demanding procedure that is exclusively performed in tertiary-level prenatal care units. This study delineates how the notable increase in B19V infections is also reflected in our prenatal diagnosis unit at Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli (FPG) IRCCS, Rome, Italy. According to our case series, since 2018, B19V has been identified as the second most common cause of fetal anemia during the study period (29%, 6 patients), yet it accounted for the majority of IUT procedures performed in 2024 (16 out of 19 cases, 84.2%). Given the rising incidence of severe intrauterine infections in recent epidemic cycles, healthcare professionals should maintain a high index of suspicion regarding the clinical manifestations of maternal B19V infection and its potential obstetric complications. Further research is imperative to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of routine screening for B19V immunity in pregnant women and to investigate the long-term neurodevelopmental and clinical outcomes of neonates affected by intrauterine B19V infection.
2024年，欧洲细小病毒B19（B19V）病例大幅激增，该病毒是传染性红斑（又称第五病）的病原体。B19V在孕妇（一个特别脆弱的群体）中的流行具有关键的临床意义。通常，B19V呈有充分记录的季节性模式，每年春季流行达到高峰，大约每四年会出现更大规模的疫情爆发。B19V对红系前体细胞具有嗜性，可能导致胎儿贫血，在最严重的情况下会导致宫内死亡。严重的宫内感染需要进行宫内红细胞输血（IUT），这是一种高度专业化且技术要求很高的程序，仅在三级产前护理单位进行。本研究描述了B19V感染的显著增加在意大利罗马圣心天主教大学综合医院基金会（FPG）IRCCS的产前诊断科室中的体现。根据我们的病例系列，自2018年以来，B19V在研究期间被确定为胎儿贫血的第二大常见原因（29%，6例患者），但它占2024年进行的IUT程序的大多数（19例中的16例，84.2%）。鉴于近期疫情周期中严重宫内感染的发病率不断上升，医疗保健专业人员应高度怀疑孕妇B19V感染的临床表现及其潜在的产科并发症。必须进行进一步研究，以评估对孕妇进行B19V免疫常规筛查的成本效益，并调查受宫内B19V感染影响的新生儿的长期神经发育和临床结局。
