Zarmer Lori, Khan Maaz, Islat Glenn, Alameddin Hanan, Massey Maria, Chaudhry Rabail
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Department of General Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
J Clin Med. 2025 May 22;14(11):3649. doi: 10.3390/jcm14113649.
Traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a devastating neurological disorder with profound effects on physical, psychological, and mental abilities. tSCI affects all age groups, with a higher incidence in elderly patients. There are many causes of tSCI, with motor vehicle accidents (MVA) and falls being the most common. The pathophysiology of tSCI is quite complex and involves primary and secondary injury. The primary injury directly results from the mechanical forces that caused the injury. Secondary injury is caused by long-term changes caused by inflammation, immune changes, and the formation of free radicals. Numerous studies have explored various medical and surgical treatment options that help mitigate long-term damage caused by tSCI and help improve quality of life. Currently, there are no treatments for tSCI that can reverse spinal cord damage or fully restore motor and sensory functions. However, many pharmacological and non-pharmacological options are being studied in tSCI patients. This review will discuss the background, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of tSCI while also providing a detailed analysis of the recent advancements in treatment options.
创伤性脊髓损伤（tSCI）是一种毁灭性的神经系统疾病，对身体、心理和精神能力有深远影响。tSCI影响所有年龄组，老年患者的发病率更高。tSCI有许多病因，其中机动车事故（MVA）和跌倒最为常见。tSCI的病理生理学相当复杂，涉及原发性和继发性损伤。原发性损伤直接由导致损伤的机械力引起。继发性损伤是由炎症、免疫变化和自由基形成引起的长期变化所致。众多研究探索了各种医学和外科治疗方案，这些方案有助于减轻tSCI造成的长期损害并改善生活质量。目前，尚无能够逆转脊髓损伤或完全恢复运动和感觉功能的tSCI治疗方法。然而，许多药物和非药物治疗方案正在tSCI患者中进行研究。本综述将讨论tSCI的背景、病理生理学和临床表现，同时还将对治疗方案的最新进展进行详细分析。
