A Retrospective Study of Lumbar Disk Herniation: An Analysis of Clinical Cases and Treatment Plans.

: One common musculoskeletal disorder seriously compromising quality of life and burdening healthcare systems is lumbar disk herniation (LDH). LDH affects quality of life, healthcare costs, and occupational productivity, and it is expected to affect 40% of the population, mostly between 30 and 50 years of age. : Over three years, this research assessed treatment results and the effect of comorbidities in a sample of 3074 individuals. : Surgical treatments-especially microdiscectomy-have a high success rate; over 90% of patients said their pain and functioning six months after surgery had improved significantly. Comparatively, conservative treatment approaches-physical therapy and epidural steroid injections-showed about 60% success in 70% of patients, indicating a clear need for early surgical assessment since 25% of originally conservatively managed patients needed surgery within one year. Significantly affecting treatment success are demographic variables; patients with preoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores above 50 saw a 40-point improvement post-surgery compared to a 20-point gain for those following conservative therapy. High comorbidity rates-including obesity (mean of 148.33) and cardiovascular illnesses (mean of 530.33)-that are associated with extended recovery durations and complications were also seen in this research. : Our results support a customized treatment plan, stressing the need of integrating thorough rehabilitation plans with prompt surgical interventions to maximize patient outcomes. This study emphasizes the need for a patient-centered treatment paradigm in controlling LDH, thereby trying to improve recovery and lower the healthcare load.