Lebkrut Khanaphan, Klaisiri Awiruth, Swasdison Somporn, Thamrongananskul Niyom, Thompho Somphob, Sriamporn Tool
Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Division of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 May 26;17(11):1472. doi: 10.3390/polym17111472.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of varying concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) combined with two surface coating agents (SCAs) and two dental adhesives (DAHs) used as SCAs on microhardness. Two SCAs, Resin Glaze (ReG) and Coat-It (CoI) (Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan), along with two DAHs, Adper Scotchbond Multi-purpose Adhesive (AdA) (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) and OptiBond FL Adhesive (OpA) (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Okayama, Japan), were tested. The ten concentrations of GO-0 wt % (control), 0.05 wt %, 0.1 wt %, 0.3 wt %, 0.5 wt %, 0.7 wt %, 1 wt %, 2 wt %, 5 wt %, and 10 wt %-were incorporated into the SCAs and DAHs to create the experimental formulations. These mixtures underwent centrifugation for homogenization, followed by sonication for dispersion. The mixture was poured into the 3D-printed resin mold (10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in height) and then cured with a light curing unit for 180 s. The cured specimens were then kept in distilled water at 37 ± 1 °C for 24 h. All specimens were then subjected to evaluation of their microhardness properties using a Knoop hardness testing machine. Data were collected, and the statistical analysis was conducted using Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc tests at a 0.05 level of significance. According to the results, surface hardness was significantly increased ( < 0.05) when 0.3-0.7 wt % of GO was added to ReG, CoI, and AdA, compared to the control group. However, surface hardness was significantly increased ( < 0.05) when 0.05-0.3 wt % of GO was added to OpA compared to the control group. In the control groups, the microhardness of OpA was significantly higher than that of the other groups ( < 0.05). In the 0.1 wt % groups, the microhardness of OpA was significantly higher than that of the other groups ( < 0.05). At 0.5 wt %, ReG, CoI, and AdA showed significantly higher microhardness compared to their respective control groups ( < 0.05). In the 1-10 wt % groups, the microhardness of ReG, CoI, and AdA demonstrated a gradual, significant decrease compared to the 0.7 wt % groups. Whereas in the 0.5-10 wt % groups, the microhardness of OpA showed a significant gradual decrease compared to the 0.3 wt % group. In summary, the optimal GO concentration could improve the surface hardness of ReG, CoI, AdA, and OpA.
本研究旨在探究不同浓度的氧化石墨烯（GO）与两种表面涂层剂（SCAs）以及用作表面涂层剂的两种牙科粘合剂（DAHs）对显微硬度的影响。测试了两种表面涂层剂，树脂釉（ReG）和涂层剂（CoI）（日本京都松风公司），以及两种牙科粘合剂，3M多功能粘合剂（AdA）（德国塞费尔德3M ESPE公司）和OptiBond FL粘合剂（OpA）（日本冈山县可乐丽诺瑞特牙科公司）。将十种浓度的GO——0 wt%（对照组）、0.05 wt%、0.1 wt%、0.3 wt%、0.5 wt%、0.7 wt%、1 wt%、2 wt%、5 wt%和10 wt%——加入到表面涂层剂和牙科粘合剂中，以制备实验配方。这些混合物经过离心以使其均匀化，然后进行超声处理以使其分散。将混合物倒入3D打印的树脂模具（直径10毫米，高度1毫米）中，然后用光固化单元固化180秒。固化后的试样随后在37±1°C的蒸馏水中保存24小时。然后使用努氏硬度测试机对所有试样的显微硬度性能进行评估。收集数据，并使用双向方差分析进行统计分析，随后进行Tukey事后检验，显著性水平为0.05。根据结果，与对照组相比，当向ReG、CoI和AdA中添加0.3 - 0.7 wt%的GO时，表面硬度显著增加（<0.05）。然而，与对照组相比，当向OpA中添加0.05 - 0.3 wt%的GO时，表面硬度显著增加（<0.05）。在对照组中，OpA的显微硬度显著高于其他组（<0.05）。在0.1 wt%组中，OpA的显微硬度显著高于其他组（<0.05）。在0.5 wt%时，ReG、CoI和AdA的显微硬度与其各自的对照组相比显著更高（<0.05）。在1 - 10 wt%组中，ReG、CoI和AdA的显微硬度与0.7 wt%组相比呈现逐渐显著下降。而在0.5 - 10 wt%组中，OpA的显微硬度与0.3 wt%组相比呈现显著逐渐下降。总之，最佳的GO浓度可以提高ReG、CoI、AdA和OpA的表面硬度。
