立陶宛海员面临的职业压力源与工作场所挑战：一项横断面研究

Occupational Stressors and Workplace Challenges Faced by Seafarers in Lithuania: A Cross-Sectional Study.

作者信息

Strukcinskiene Birute, Razbadauskas Arturas, Grigoliene Rasa, Jeriomenkaite Aistė, Jurgaitis Jonas, Punys Vytenis, Kontautiene Vyte, Beniusiene Asta, Martisauskiene Dalia, Zuperkiene Erika, Papadakaki Maria, Zuperkaite Donata, Genowska Agnieszka

机构信息

Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania.

Faculty of Marine Technologies and Natural Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania.

出版信息

Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Jun 3;13(11):1334. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13111334.

DOI:10.3390/healthcare13111334

PMID:40508948

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12155359/

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Seafarers are a particularly isolated workforce, as they are on-site only with their colleagues, both on and off duty. Long-term duties in the sea environment, irregular working hours, changing time zones, and lack of sleep are some of the many factors that negatively affect the physical and mental health of seafarers. This study aimed to explore the occupational stressors faced by seafarers in Lithuania using the HSE Management Standards Indicator Tool (HSE-MSIT).

METHODS

In 2023, a quantitative study, using a paper survey, of seafarers' occupational stressors was conducted in Klaipeda city, Lithuania. A total of 385 Lithuanian seafarers participated in the study.

RESULTS

The greatest sources of stress at work were identified as , , , and . Role clarity, demands, and work control were not strong stressors for the seafarers. Analysis of perceived stress levels revealed notable differences between groups with different work experience and job positions. Analysis of years of service (0-11 years vs. 12+ years) found that seafarers with shorter service experienced more stress in terms of ( = 0.005), ( = 0.004), ( = 0.035), and ( = 0.02). Based on job position (senior vs. junior), junior seafarers experienced significantly higher stress in the ( = 0.001) and ( = 0.009) subscales. The study revealed that job position and years of work had weak negative correlations with stress indicators at work. The subscale was moderately positively correlated with and . The subscale was moderately positively correlated with and . was moderately negatively correlated with and .

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, , , , and in the working environment emerged as key factors of perceived stress among seafarers. Junior seafarers and seafarers with shorter years of service experienced higher stress at work. These findings may help in the development of targeted stress management and training strategies tailored to different profiles of seafarers.

摘要

背景/目的：海员是一个特别孤立的职业群体，因为无论在上班还是下班时，他们都只与同事在船上共处。海上环境中的长期工作任务、不规律的工作时间、时区变化以及睡眠不足等，都是对海员身心健康产生负面影响的诸多因素。本研究旨在使用健康与安全执行委员会管理标准指标工具（HSE-MSIT）来探究立陶宛海员所面临的职业压力源。

方法

2023年，在立陶宛克莱佩达市采用纸质调查问卷对海员的职业压力源进行了定量研究。共有385名立陶宛海员参与了该研究。

结果

工作中最大的压力源被确定为、、和。角色清晰度、工作要求和工作控制对海员来说并非强烈的压力源。对感知压力水平的分析显示，不同工作经验和职位的群体之间存在显著差异。对服务年限（0至11年与12年以上）的分析发现，服务年限较短的海员在方面经历了更多压力（ = 0.005），在方面（ = 0.004），在方面（ = 0.035），以及在方面（ = 0.02）。基于职位（高级与初级），初级海员在和子量表中经历的压力显著更高（ = 0.001和 = 0.009）。该研究表明，职位和工作年限与工作压力指标呈弱负相关。子量表与和呈中度正相关。子量表与和呈中度正相关。与和呈中度负相关。