Li Xinyu, Wang Jiaxian, Huang Guangrong, Jia Zhenbao, Xu Manjun, Chen Wenwei
College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Foods. 2025 May 27;14(11):1901. doi: 10.3390/foods14111901.
To address the underutilization of meal, polysaccharides from meal (SLMPs) were prepared via ultrasonic-assisted eutectic-solvent-based extraction. Although polysaccharides exhibit promising application potential, the structural ambiguity of SLMPs necessitates systematic investigation to elucidate their structure-activity relationships, thereby providing a scientific foundation for their subsequent development and utilization. Using response-surface methodology (RSM), the optimized extraction conditions were determined as follows: ultrasonic temperature of 52 °C, ultrasonic duration of 31 min, ultrasonic power of 57 W, water content of 29%, and a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:36 g/mL. Under these conditions, the maximum polysaccharide yield reached 9.25%, demonstrating a significant advantage over the conventional water extraction method (4.18% yield). Following purification, the antioxidant activity and structural characteristics of SLMPs were analyzed. The molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, reducing groups, and higher-order conformation were systematically correlated with antioxidant activity. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), monosaccharide composition analysis, and H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed characteristic polysaccharide functional groups (C-O, O-H, and C=O). Monosaccharides such as glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), and arabinose (Ara) were found to enhance antioxidant activity. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) indicated a molecular weight of 20.7 kDa for SLMPs, with low-molecular-weight fractions exhibiting superior antioxidant activity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) further demonstrated that ultrasonically extracted polysaccharides possess porous structures capable of chelating redox-active functional groups. These findings suggest that ultrasonic-assisted eutectic-solvent-based extraction is an efficient method for polysaccharide extraction while preserving antioxidant properties.
为了解决粕中多糖利用不足的问题，通过超声辅助低共熔溶剂法制备了粕多糖（SLMPs）。尽管多糖具有广阔的应用潜力，但SLMPs的结构尚不明确，需要进行系统研究以阐明其构效关系，从而为其后续开发利用提供科学依据。采用响应面法（RSM）确定了优化的提取条件如下：超声温度52℃、超声时间31分钟、超声功率57瓦、含水量29%、料液比1:36 g/mL。在此条件下，多糖的最大得率达到9.25%，相较于传统水提法（得率4.18%）具有显著优势。纯化后，对SLMPs的抗氧化活性和结构特征进行了分析。将分子量、单糖组成、还原基团和高级构象与抗氧化活性进行了系统关联。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、单糖组成分析和氢核磁共振（NMR）光谱揭示了多糖的特征官能团（C-O、O-H和C=O）。发现葡萄糖（Glc）、半乳糖（Gal）和阿拉伯糖（Ara）等单糖可增强抗氧化活性。高效凝胶渗透色谱（HPGPC）表明SLMPs的分子量为20.7 kDa，低分子量级分表现出优异的抗氧化活性。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进一步表明，超声提取的多糖具有能够螯合氧化还原活性官能团的多孔结构。这些发现表明，超声辅助低共熔溶剂法是一种高效的多糖提取方法，同时能保留其抗氧化性能。
