Prospective Analysis of Residual Urine Volume and Its Association With Intravesical Recurrence in Patients With Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Aim This study aimed to investigate the correlation between parameters of voiding dysfunction, including residual urine volume, and bladder cancer recurrence in patients. Methods A total of 68 patients (52 males and 16 females) with primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) were prospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with bladder cancer recurrence as the dependent variable. Explanatory variables included patient demographics, pathological findings, residual urine volume measured by ultrasound, and voiding symptoms assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the IPSS Quality of Life Index (IPSS-QOL), and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS). Results Bladder cancer recurrence was found in 11 patients (8 males and 3 females). In male patients, the median residual urine volume was significantly higher in the recurrence group (24 mL, IQR 5.5-47 mL) compared to the non-recurrence group (2 mL, IQR 0-21.5 mL; p = 0.0469). Multivariate analysis identified residual urine volume as an independent risk factor for recurrence in male patients (p = 0.0276). Conclusion Increased residual urine volume may be independently associated with intravesical recurrence in male patients with NMIBC. Assessing and managing voiding dysfunction may help reduce the risk of recurrence in this population.