Brown A S, Whiteman S L, Cattoi R J, Bradley C K
Am J Psychol. 1985 Fall;98(3):421-32.
In a series of investigations, E. F. Loftus (1973; G. R. Loftus & E. F. Loftus, 1974; E. F. Loftus, Senders, & Turkletaub, 1974) discovered that the latency of item retrieval from a semantic category was reduced if it immediately followed an earlier retrieval from the same category, a phenomenon attributed to spreading activation. Subsequently, Brown (1981) discovered an increase in latency across extended retrievals from a single semantic category. The present investigation followed up this finding by comparing exemplars that varied in strength of association to the category name. The probability of obtaining inhibition (longer latencies and increased errors) was inversely related to the associative strength of the exemplars. The results suggest that low-strength category associates build up inhibition more rapidly because they accrue situational strength relatively more rapidly than high-strength associates.
在一系列研究中，E.F.洛夫特斯（1973年；G.R.洛夫特斯和E.F.洛夫特斯，1974年；E.F.洛夫特斯、森德斯和图尔克陶布，1974年）发现，如果从语义类别中检索项目紧接在同一类别中较早的检索之后，那么该项目检索的潜伏期会缩短，这一现象被归因于扩散激活。随后，布朗（1981年）发现，从单个语义类别进行的长时间检索中潜伏期会增加。本研究通过比较与类别名称关联强度不同的示例来跟进这一发现。获得抑制（更长的潜伏期和更多错误）的概率与示例的关联强度呈负相关。结果表明，低强度类别关联比高强度关联更快地积累情境强度，从而更快地建立抑制。
