Howard David, Nickels Lyndsey, Coltheart Max, Cole-Virtue Jennifer
School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
Cognition. 2006 Jul;100(3):464-82. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2005.02.006. Epub 2006 Jan 17.
We report an experiment in which subjects named 120 pictures, consisting of series of five pictures drawn from each of 24 semantic categories (and intermixed with 45 fillers). The number of intervening trials (lag) between successive presentations of members of the same category varied from two to eight. Subjects' naming latencies were slowed by 30 ms for each preceding member of the category. This effect was both cumulative and linear, and unrelated to the lag elapsing since the previous presentation of a category member. These results definitively demonstrate the occurrence of cumulative interference for word retrieval by prior retrieval of other exemplars of the same semantic category-cumulative semantic inhibition. We claim that this inhibition effect could only occur if the spoken word production system possesses three specific properties (competition, priming, and sharing of semantic activation). We provide computational-modelling evidence in support of this claim. We show that no current theory of spoken word production has all of these properties. In their current form, all these theories are falsified by these results. We briefly discuss the obstacles that may be encountered by current models were they modified to account for our findings.
我们报告了一项实验，在该实验中，受试者为120张图片命名，这些图片由24个语义类别中的每一个类别所绘制的五张图片系列组成（并与45张填充图片混合）。同一类别的成员连续呈现之间的干预试验次数（滞后）从2次到8次不等。对于该类别的每个先前成员，受试者的命名潜伏期会延长30毫秒。这种效应是累积性的且呈线性，并且与自上一次呈现类别成员以来所经过的滞后时间无关。这些结果明确证明了通过先前检索同一语义类别的其他示例进行单词检索时会出现累积干扰——累积语义抑制。我们认为，只有当口语产生系统具有三个特定属性（竞争、启动和语义激活共享）时，这种抑制效应才会发生。我们提供了计算建模证据来支持这一观点。我们表明，目前没有一种口语产生理论具备所有这些属性。就其目前的形式而言，所有这些理论都被这些结果证伪了。我们简要讨论了当前模型若要修改以解释我们的发现可能会遇到的障碍。
