Ertürk Berfin, Aytoğu Gizem, Yeşilbağ Kadir
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, 21200, Turkey.
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, 16059, Turkey.
Vet Res Commun. 2025 Jun 13;49(4):224. doi: 10.1007/s11259-025-10792-y.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus continues to threaten animal health with serious economic losses worldwide. Various killed, live-modified, or recombinant vaccine strategies are being developed for protection and control against this virus. The most important thing discovered is the choice of local and widespread strains in the vaccine content. In this study, the effectiveness of a Montanide ISA 206 adjuvanted killed trivalent vaccine containing endemic local strains (TR-21 [BVDV-1l], TR-26 [BVDV-1f], and TR-15 [BVDV-2b]) isolated from Türkiye, was evaluated with a cattle challenge study. Experimental groups were designed as single dose vaccination (Group-I, n:11), two dose vaccination (Group-II, n:11), and unvaccinated (Group-III, n:6) with male calves aged about 6 months. Following the immunization, challenge virus (TR-72 [BVDV-1l], TCID 10) was given intranasally to each group (5 animals in Group-I and II and 4 animals in Group-III), and clinical findings, hematological changes, virus shedding, side effects, and viremia were monitored for 14 days after inoculation. Serological monitoring of the remaining animals against homologous and heterologous strains was carried out at one-month intervals between the 21st and 201st days after the first vaccination. The obtained results showed that the viremia, hematological changes, and clinical findings shown in unvaccinated animals (Group-III) were significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) in the vaccinated groups (Group-I and II). In addition, it was found that serologically monitored animals maintained protective neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers ≥ 8 log for vaccinal and also for all reference BVDV-1 strains, which is more than three-fold protective antibody response, lasting more than 7 months after the first vaccination, whether in single or two dose application. The rise of nAbs was also detected for heterogous BVDV strains. The detected nAb titers were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the two dose vaccination group. Based on the results, it was concluded that this trivalent- inactivated vaccine candidate can protect cattle against acute BVDV infections.
牛病毒性腹泻病毒继续威胁着动物健康，在全球范围内造成严重的经济损失。目前正在研发各种灭活、减毒活疫苗或重组疫苗策略，以预防和控制这种病毒。已发现最重要的是疫苗成分中本地流行毒株和广泛传播毒株的选择。在本研究中，通过一项牛攻毒试验评估了一种含有从土耳其分离的地方性本地毒株（TR-21 [BVDV-1l]、TR-26 [BVDV-1f] 和 TR-15 [BVDV-2b]）的Montanide ISA 206佐剂灭活三价疫苗的有效性。实验组设计为单剂量接种（I组，n = 11）、两剂量接种（II组，n = 11）和未接种（III组，n = 6），使用约6个月大的雄性犊牛。免疫后，对每组动物（I组和II组各5只，III组4只）鼻内接种攻毒病毒（TR-72 [BVDV-1l]，TCID 10），并在接种后14天监测临床症状、血液学变化、病毒排泄、副作用和病毒血症。在首次接种后第21天至第201天期间，每隔一个月对其余动物进行针对同源和异源毒株的血清学监测。所得结果表明，未接种疫苗的动物（III组）出现的病毒血症、血液学变化和临床症状在接种疫苗的组（I组和II组）中得到了显著抑制（p < 0.05）。此外，还发现血清学监测的动物针对疫苗毒株以及所有参考BVDV-1毒株维持保护性中和抗体（nAb）滴度≥8 log，这是超过三倍的保护性抗体反应，在首次接种后无论是单剂量还是两剂量应用，持续超过7个月。对于异源BVDV毒株也检测到nAb的升高。两剂量接种组中检测到的nAb滴度显著更高（p < 0.05）。根据结果得出结论，这种三价灭活疫苗候选物可以保护牛免受急性BVDV感染。
