Department of Virology, Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 21200, Diyarbakır, Türkiye.
Department of Virology, Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 16059, Bursa, Türkiye.
Vet Res Commun. 2024 Nov 26;49(1):37. doi: 10.1007/s11259-024-10608-5.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is among the common bovine pathogens worldwide. One of the prominent protection measures of BVDV is vaccination. This study aimed to determine the growth characteristics, inactivation kinetics of vaccine candidates using local BVDV strains [TR-26 (BVDV-1f), TR-21 (BVDV-1l), and TR-15 (BVDV-2b)], and the serological response in experimental animals to inactivated BVDV vaccine formulations prepared with different adjuvants. Optimum MOI values for BVDV strains TR-26, TR-21, and TR-15 were determined as 0.1, 1.0, and 0.01, respectively. In addition, growth curves of TR-26, TR-21, and TR-15 strains were created, and it was determined that they reached the highest titers at 12, 48, and 36 h p.i., respectively. The strains TR-26, TR-21, and TR-15 with titers of 10, 10, and 10 TCID/ml were completely inactivated by 1 mM binary ethyleneimine (BEI) at the 10th, 16th, and 10th hours of treatment, respectively. Guinea pigs were immunized with four vaccine formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4), two with aluminum-based [Al(OH) Al(OH)+Saponin] and two with oil-based (ISA 50 and ISA 206) adjuvants. Neutralization tests were applied to determine the humoral immune response developed after vaccination. Both homologous and heterologous BVDV strains were used for evaluations. Oil adjuvanted vaccines were more efficient to induce antibody titers compared to Al(OH)-based vaccines. In addition, between the oil adjuvanted vaccines, the titers of neutralizing antibodies obtained by Montanide ISA 206 formulation were significantly higher than in Montanide ISA 50 (p < 0.05). Post-vaccinal neutralizing antibodies were detected in the first sampling at 21st day and lasted longer than a 111 days period. The highest antibody response in Guinea pigs was for the strain TR-15. The availability of using BVDV-lf, 1l, and 2b local strains in vaccines and their effectiveness against homologous and heterologous strains have been demonstrated.
牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）是全球常见的牛病原体之一。BVDV 的主要保护措施之一是接种疫苗。本研究旨在确定使用当地 BVDV 株（TR-26 [BVDV-1f]、TR-21 [BVDV-1l] 和 TR-15 [BVDV-2b]）的候选疫苗的生长特性和灭活动力学，以及不同佐剂制备的灭活 BVDV 疫苗在实验动物中的血清学反应。BVDV 株 TR-26、TR-21 和 TR-15 的最佳 MOI 值分别确定为 0.1、1.0 和 0.01。此外，还绘制了 TR-26、TR-21 和 TR-15 株的生长曲线，确定它们分别在感染后 12、48 和 36 小时达到最高滴度。浓度为 10、10 和 10 TCID/ml 的 TR-26、TR-21 和 TR-15 株在 1 mM 双乙烯亚胺（BEI）处理 10、16 和 10 小时后完全失活。用四种疫苗制剂（F1、F2、F3、F4）对豚鼠进行免疫，两种为铝基佐剂[Al（OH）Al（OH）+皂素]，两种为油基佐剂（ISA 50 和 ISA 206）。应用中和试验来确定接种疫苗后产生的体液免疫反应。同时使用同源和异源 BVDV 株进行评估。与基于铝的疫苗相比，油佐剂疫苗更有效地诱导抗体滴度。此外，在油佐剂疫苗之间，通过 Montanide ISA 206 制剂获得的中和抗体滴度显著高于 Montanide ISA 50（p<0.05）。在第 21 天的第一次采样中检测到接种后中和抗体，并持续 111 天以上。豚鼠的最高抗体反应是针对 TR-15 株。已经证明了使用 BVDV-lf、1l 和 2b 当地株作为疫苗的可行性及其对同源和异源株的有效性。
