对伊朗亚洲摩弗伦羊的基因组分析为绵羊的驯化和进化提供了见解。

Genomic analyses of Asiatic Mouflon in Iran provide insights into the domestication and evolution of sheep.

作者信息

Wang Dong-Feng, Orozco-terWengel Pablo, Salehian-Dehkordi Hosein, Esmailizadeh Ali, Lv Feng-Hua

机构信息

Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.

CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.

出版信息

Genet Sel Evol. 2025 Jun 13;57(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s12711-025-00978-y.

DOI:10.1186/s12711-025-00978-y

PMID:40514664

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12164106/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Asiatic mouflon (Ovis gmelini) consists of several subspecies mainly distributed in Armenia, southern Azerbaijan, Cyprus, northern, southern, and western regions of Iran, and eastern and central regions of Turkey nowadays. Genome analyses of Asiatic mouflon in Iran revealed that they could have diverged from the direct ancestor of domestic sheep, and showed genetic introgression into domestic sheep after domestication. However, the impact of the Asiatic mouflon subspecies in Iran on sheep domestication remains unclear.

RESULTS

Here, we conducted a comprehensive population genomics analysis of Asiatic mouflon in Iran with 788 whole-genome sequences (including 40 from Asiatic mouflon), 1104 whole mitogenomes (105 from Asiatic mouflon), and 239 Y chromosomes (21 from Asiatic mouflon). Whole-genome sequence analyses revealed two subpopulations of Asiatic mouflon in Iran: O. gmelini_2 limited on Kaboodan Island in Urmia Lake National Park and O. gmelini_1 over a wide geographic area. Phylogenetic analyses of Asiatic mouflon in Iran based on uniparental variants revealed a monophyletic lineage with the mitochondrial haplogroups C/E, and clustered into a monophyletic with Y-chromosomal lineage HY2 of sheep. Additionally, introgression tests detected significant signals of genetic introgression from O. gmelini_2 to four sheep populations (e.g., Garut, Bangladeshi, Nellore, and Sumatra) in South and Southeast Asia. In the four sheep populations, selective tests and introgression signals revealed that the wild introgression could have contributed to their body size, fat metabolism and local adaptation to the hot and humid environments in the Indian Peninsula.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results clarified subpopulation structure of Asiatic mouflon in Iran, identifying two distinct groups: O. gmelini_1 and O. gmelini_2. Additionally, we suggest a potential genetic contribution to domestic sheep by introgression, with maternal haplogroup C and paternal lineage HY2 likely originating from the Asiatic mouflon populations in Iran. Our findings offer new insights into domestication of sheep and subsequent introgressions events from wild relatives to domestic populations.

摘要

背景

亚洲摩弗伦羊（Ovis gmelini）由几个亚种组成，如今主要分布在亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆南部、塞浦路斯、伊朗的北部、南部和西部地区以及土耳其的东部和中部地区。对伊朗亚洲摩弗伦羊的基因组分析表明，它们可能与家羊的直接祖先发生了分化，并在驯化后显示出对家羊的基因渗入。然而，伊朗亚洲摩弗伦羊亚种对绵羊驯化的影响仍不清楚。

结果

在此，我们对伊朗亚洲摩弗伦羊进行了全面的群体基因组学分析，使用了788个全基因组序列（包括40个来自亚洲摩弗伦羊的序列）、1104个全线粒体基因组（105个来自亚洲摩弗伦羊）和239个Y染色体（21个来自亚洲摩弗伦羊）。全基因组序列分析揭示了伊朗亚洲摩弗伦羊的两个亚群：局限于乌尔米亚湖国家公园卡布丹岛的O. gmelini_2和分布在广泛地理区域的O. gmelini_1。基于单亲变异对伊朗亚洲摩弗伦羊进行的系统发育分析揭示了一个与线粒体单倍群C/E相关的单系谱系，并与绵羊的Y染色体谱系HY2聚为一个单系。此外，基因渗入测试检测到从O. gmelini_2到南亚和东南亚的四个绵羊群体（如加鲁特羊、孟加拉羊、尼尔罗牛和苏门答腊羊）有显著的基因渗入信号。在这四个绵羊群体中，选择性测试和基因渗入信号表明，野生基因渗入可能对它们的体型、脂肪代谢以及对印度半岛炎热潮湿环境的局部适应做出了贡献。

结论

我们的结果阐明了伊朗亚洲摩弗伦羊的亚群结构，确定了两个不同的群体：O. gmelini_1和O. gmelini_2。此外，我们提出基因渗入可能对家羊有潜在的遗传贡献，母系单倍群C和父系谱系HY2可能起源于伊朗的亚洲摩弗伦羊群体。我们的发现为绵羊驯化以及随后野生近缘种到家养群体的基因渗入事件提供了新的见解。