Self-interference digital holography with computational aberration correction.

Self-interference digital holography (SIDH) enables 3D imaging of incoherently emitting objects over a large axial range using only three 2D images. Our previous research demonstrated that point-like sources emitting as few as 4,200 photons can be reconstructed over a 10 µm axial range. Combining SIDH with single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has the potential to achieve 3D super-resolution imaging across a large axial range without mechanical refocusing of the sample. However, optical aberrations affect the localization performance of SIDH and must be corrected, especially for large-volume 3D imaging. In this paper, we propose a fast, guide-star-free computational aberration correction method for SIDH. Our method can correct optical aberrations in low signal light conditions over the entire imaging axial range without any additional hardware. We use a sensorless-AO method in a virtual pupil plane to optimize the wavefront based on a frequency-space metric. Using this method, we demonstrate an improvement in both the Strehl ratio up to ∼0.98 and the SIDH localization precision to near the ideal case.