Serafin Andrea, Sant'Antonio Emanuela, Mavilia Fabrizio, Gandini Francesca, De Pretis Stefano, Scarfò Lydia, Ghia Paolo
Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Strategic Research Program on CLL, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
Hematol Oncol. 2025 Jun;43 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):e70084. doi: 10.1002/hon.70084.
Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a hematologic condition defined by the presence of a small clonal B-cell population in the peripheral blood, without clinical or laboratory evidence of lymphoproliferative disorders. It is classified into low-count (LC-MBL) and high-count (HC-MBL) subtypes based on clonal size. HC-MBL shares genetic and biological features with early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), has a well-established 1%-2% annual risk of progression, and is associated with an increased risk of infections, second malignancies and a reduced response to vaccines due to immune dysfunction. LC-MBL, on the other hand, is a distinct entity with a lower likelihood of progression, but its potential impact on immune function remains unclear. While some studies suggest an association with increased infection risk and immune alterations, further research is needed to clarify its clinical significance. Beyond the risk of progression, MBL is increasingly recognized as a condition requiring careful management due to its broader implications on immune function and cancer susceptibility. Given these risks, preventive strategies are essential for all individuals with MBL, including adherence to cancer screening programs, vaccinations, smoking cessation, sun protection, and a healthy lifestyle to mitigate potential complications.
单克隆B淋巴细胞增多症（MBL）是一种血液学疾病，其定义为外周血中存在一小群克隆性B细胞，且无淋巴细胞增殖性疾病的临床或实验室证据。根据克隆大小，它被分为低计数（LC-MBL）和高计数（HC-MBL）亚型。HC-MBL与早期慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）具有相同的遗传和生物学特征，每年有1%-2%的确立进展风险，并且由于免疫功能障碍，与感染风险增加、第二原发性恶性肿瘤以及对疫苗反应降低有关。另一方面，LC-MBL是一个不同的实体，进展可能性较低，但其对免疫功能的潜在影响仍不清楚。虽然一些研究表明其与感染风险增加和免疫改变有关，但需要进一步研究以阐明其临床意义。除了进展风险外，MBL因其对免疫功能和癌症易感性的更广泛影响，越来越被认为是一种需要谨慎管理的疾病。鉴于这些风险，预防策略对所有MBL患者至关重要，包括坚持癌症筛查计划、接种疫苗、戒烟、防晒以及保持健康的生活方式以减轻潜在并发症。
