Wang Kun, Zhao Jiajia, Wang Yanqiu, Liu Mairu
Faculty of Physical Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China.
School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025 May 30;13:1606790. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1606790. eCollection 2025.
Regular physical activity is widely recognized for its systemic health benefits, extending beyond physical fitness to influence metabolism, immunity, and neurophysiology. Pregnancy is a physiologically unique period characterized by dynamic immunometabolic changes that are crucial for maternal and fetal health. Maternal exercise during this window offers a non-pharmacological strategy to enhance maternal wellbeing and optimize offspring development. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the effects of maternal exercise on both pregnant women and their offspring. In mothers, exercise improves metabolic profiles, modulates inflammatory responses, supports neuroplasticity, and promotes skeletal health. In offspring, maternal exercise confers long-term benefits including improved glucose metabolism, enhanced neurogenesis, cognitive development, and immune resilience. Mechanistically, these effects are mediated through molecular pathways such as placental superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) upregulation, adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/ten-eleven translocation (AMPK/TET) signaling in the fetal liver, and exercise-induced circulating factors like Apelin and SERPINA3C, which contribute to epigenetic remodeling and tissue-specific programming. Despite growing evidence, gaps remain in understanding the optimal intensity, timing, and molecular mediators of maternal exercise, particularly regarding long-term immune and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Future studies leveraging multi-omics approaches are needed to elucidate cross-organ signaling mechanisms and identify therapeutic targets to mimic exercise-induced benefits. Overall, maternal exercise emerges as a safe, accessible intervention with significant potential to improve maternal-fetal health and reduce offspring disease risk across the lifespan.
规律的体育活动因其对全身健康有益而被广泛认可，其益处不仅限于身体健康，还会影响新陈代谢、免疫和神经生理学。怀孕是一个生理上独特的时期，其特点是动态的免疫代谢变化，这对母婴健康至关重要。在此期间进行母体运动提供了一种非药物策略，以增强母体健康并优化后代发育。本综述总结了在理解母体运动对孕妇及其后代影响方面的最新进展。对母亲而言，运动可改善代谢状况、调节炎症反应、支持神经可塑性并促进骨骼健康。对后代而言，母体运动带来长期益处，包括改善葡萄糖代谢、增强神经发生、认知发展和免疫恢复力。从机制上讲，这些影响是通过分子途径介导的，如胎盘超氧化物歧化酶3（SOD3）上调、胎儿肝脏中的腺苷5'-单磷酸激活蛋白激酶/十一-易位蛋白（AMPK/TET）信号传导，以及运动诱导的循环因子如Apelin和SERPINA3C，它们有助于表观遗传重塑和组织特异性编程。尽管证据越来越多，但在理解母体运动的最佳强度、时间和分子介质方面仍存在差距，特别是关于后代的长期免疫和神经发育结果。需要未来利用多组学方法的研究来阐明跨器官信号传导机制，并确定模仿运动诱导益处的治疗靶点。总体而言，母体运动成为一种安全、可及的干预措施，具有显著潜力来改善母婴健康并降低后代一生的疾病风险。
