Lingam Shiva Nischal, Verstegen Rutger, Petermeijer Sebastiaan M, Martens Marieke
Aerospace Operations Safety and Human Performance, Royal Netherlands Aerospace Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
Front Robot AI. 2025 May 30;12:1580289. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2025.1580289. eCollection 2025.
Drones will likely deliver packages in public spaces, where humans interact as recipients of the package and as bystanders passing by. Understanding the human needs and uncertainties that may arise during these interactions is crucial to ensure safety. This user-centered design study employed twelve interviews and four focus groups to identify key requirements for recipients and bystanders interacting with delivery drones in public spaces. Findings demonstrate different information needs and preferred interface modalities between recipients and bystanders across various interaction stages, from ordering a package to the drone's retraction after delivery. This paper highlights essential design features and offers concrete design recommendations based on the interaction requirements. These recommendations can inform the standardization and customization of design features for each interaction stage, enhancing safety and facilitating natural human-drone interaction. Future research should build on these recommendations and validate the design concepts through experimental user studies involving human interactions with delivery drones in public spaces.
无人机很可能会在公共场所投递包裹，在这些场所，人们既是包裹的接收者，也是路过的旁观者。了解这些互动过程中可能出现的人类需求和不确定性对于确保安全至关重要。这项以用户为中心的设计研究采用了12次访谈和4个焦点小组，以确定在公共场所与送货无人机互动的接收者和旁观者的关键需求。研究结果表明，从订购包裹到无人机投递后撤离的各个互动阶段，接收者和旁观者之间存在不同的信息需求和偏好的界面模式。本文强调了基本的设计特征，并根据互动需求提供了具体的设计建议。这些建议可为每个互动阶段的设计特征标准化和定制提供参考，提高安全性并促进自然的人机交互。未来的研究应基于这些建议，并通过涉及在公共场所人与送货无人机互动的实验性用户研究来验证设计概念。
