Impact of immediate intravesical therapy on non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with risk factors analysis for recurrence.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of immediate intravesical therapy (IIT) on recurrence rates in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients and to explore the potential protective role of vitamin supplementation.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 216 NMIBC patients treated between April 2019 and March 2023. Patients were categorized into two groups: IIT group (n = 154) and no-IIT group (n = 62). Inclusion criteria included pathologically confirmed NMIBC, initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), and a minimum follow-up of one year. Patients who underwent radical cystectomy, had other malignancies, or suffered from severe comorbid conditions were excluded. Recurrence within one year post-treatment was used to stratify patients into recurrence and non-recurrence groups. Statistical analyses were performed to identify factors significantly associated with recurrence. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were employed to evaluate predictive performance.

RESULTS

The recurrence rate was significantly lower in the IIT group (33.12%) compared to the no-IIT group (95.16%, P < 0.001). IIT significantly reduced the risk of recurrence (P < 0.001). Among vitamin supplements, only vitamin K3 demonstrated a significant association with recurrence (P = 0.010). Logistic regression confirmed IIT as an independent protective factor (OR = 0.026, P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for individual predictors ranged from 0.587 to 0.754, while the combined model achieved an AUC of 0.877, indicating strong predictive performance.

CONCLUSION

IIT and self-supplementation with vitamin K3 are associated with a reduced risk of NMIBC recurrence. These findings suggest that adjunctive strategies alongside standard transurethral resection of bladder tumor may enhance patient outcomes. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these associations and support their integration into clinical practice.