Current landscape and emerging opportunities for using telecytology for rapid on-site assessment in cytopathology.

In recent years, cytopathology practices increasingly are considering the adoption of digital modalities to support remote rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of fine-needle aspiration biopsies. Currently, various digital options are available, each of which has unique advantages and limitations. This review covers all relevant aspects of telecytology for ROSE, including digital pathology options, operators, validation, quality assurance, reimbursement, and recommendations from professional organizations. The evolving landscape of telecytology for ROSE, including the development of devices for standardized specimen preparation and staining, next-generation digital microscopy techniques, and deep-learning-based artificial intelligence tools as decision-support aids for the interpretation of digital images, also is outlined.