Jin Haiming, Wang Gang, Lu Qichen, Rawlins Jessica, Chen Junchun, Kashyap Saanya, Charlesworth Oscar, Xu Dan, Dai Lie, Zhu Sipin, Xu Jiake
Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
Bone Res. 2025 Jun 16;13(1):64. doi: 10.1038/s41413-025-00438-9.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent and debilitating inflammatory disease that significantly impairs functional capacity and quality of life. RA accelerates musculoskeletal aging, leading to complications such as muscle degeneration and sarcopenia. Recent research has identified myopenia as a condition of significant muscle loss associated with illness, distinct from the muscle wasting seen in other chronic diseases like cancer cachexia or heart failure. In RA, myopenia is characterized by muscle depletion without concurrent significant fat loss, and it can affect individuals of all ages. While inflammation plays a central role, it is not the sole factor contributing to the high incidence of muscle wasting in RA. In subsequent discussions, secondary sarcopenia will be considered alongside myopenia, as both involve muscle wasting decline primarily due to disease. This review summarizes recent findings on the impact of RA-related myopenia and secondary sarcopenia on functional capacity, explores its underlying mechanisms, and discusses contemporary strategies to mitigate the process of musculoskeletal aging in RA patients.
类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种常见且使人衰弱的炎症性疾病，会严重损害功能能力和生活质量。RA会加速肌肉骨骼衰老，导致肌肉退化和肌肉减少症等并发症。最近的研究已将肌少症确定为一种与疾病相关的严重肌肉流失状况，有别于在癌症恶病质或心力衰竭等其他慢性疾病中所见的肌肉萎缩。在RA中，肌少症的特征是肌肉消耗而无同时发生的显著脂肪流失，并且它可影响所有年龄段的个体。虽然炎症起着核心作用，但它不是导致RA中肌肉萎缩高发生率的唯一因素。在随后的讨论中，继发性肌肉减少症将与肌少症一并考虑，因为两者都主要由于疾病而涉及肌肉萎缩衰退。本综述总结了关于RA相关肌少症和继发性肌肉减少症对功能能力影响的最新发现，探讨其潜在机制，并讨论减轻RA患者肌肉骨骼衰老过程的当代策略。
