日式饮食与抑郁症状低患病率之间的关联：日本职业健康流行病学合作研究
Association between the Japanese-style diet and low prevalence of depressive symptoms: Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study.
作者信息
Miyake Haruka, Nanri Akiko, Okazaki Hiroko, Miyamoto Toshiaki, Kochi Takeshi, Kabe Isamu, Tomizawa Aki, Yamamoto Shohei, Konishi Maki, Dohi Seitaro, Mizoue Tetsuya
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Food and Health Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka, Japan.
出版信息
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2025 Aug;79(8):473-480. doi: 10.1111/pcn.13842. Epub 2025 Jun 16.
AIM
The Japanese diet, rich in fish, soy products, and green tea, is associated with better mental health. However, associations between Japanese dietary patterns and depressive symptoms remain inconsistent, with limited research on predefined patterns. This study developed scores for traditional and modified Japanese diets to explore their cross-sectional associations with depressive symptoms in a large working population.
METHODS
As part of the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study, we conducted a survey between 2018 and 2021. Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Scores were developed for the traditional Japanese diet (9 items: white rice, miso soup, soy products, cooked vegetables, mushrooms, seaweed, fish, salty foods, green tea) and its modified version (11 items: whole or minimally processed rice instead of white rice, reverse scoring for salty foods, and adding fruits, raw vegetables, dairy products). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 11-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (cutoff ≥9). Multilevel Poisson regression with robust variance estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for confounders and accounting for study site as a random effect.
RESULTS
Among 12,499 participants (76.8% participation), 30.9% reported depressive symptoms. The PRs of depressive symptoms across quartiles of the traditional Japanese diet score were 1.00 (reference), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88-0.99), 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.98), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.80-0.86), and those for the modified version were 1.00 (reference), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89-0.98), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.80-0.87), and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76-0.83).
CONCLUSION
Close adherence to the traditional and modified Japanese diet score is associated with fewer depressive symptoms among the working population.
目的
富含鱼类、豆制品和绿茶的日本饮食与更好的心理健康状况相关。然而，日本饮食模式与抑郁症状之间的关联仍不一致，针对预定义模式的研究有限。本研究制定了传统和改良日本饮食的得分，以探讨它们与大量在职人群抑郁症状的横断面关联。
方法
作为日本职业健康流行病学合作研究的一部分，我们在2018年至2021年期间进行了一项调查。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估饮食情况。为传统日本饮食（9项：白米、味噌汤、豆制品、煮熟的蔬菜、蘑菇、海藻、鱼类、咸味食品、绿茶）及其改良版本（11项：用全谷物或最少加工的大米代替白米，对咸味食品进行反向计分，并添加水果、生蔬菜、乳制品）制定得分。使用11项流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（临界值≥9）评估抑郁症状。采用稳健方差的多水平泊松回归估计患病率比（PRs）和95%置信区间（CIs），对混杂因素进行调整，并将研究地点作为随机效应纳入考虑。
结果
在12499名参与者中（参与率为76.8%），30.9%的人报告有抑郁症状。传统日本饮食得分四分位数组中抑郁症状的PRs分别为1.00（参照）、0.94（95%CI，0.88 - 0.99）、0.91（95%CI，0.85 - 0.98）和0.83（95%CI，0.80 - 0.86），改良版本的PRs分别为1.00（参照）、0.94（95%CI，0.89 - 0.98）、0.83（95%CI，0.80 - 0.87）和0.80（95%CI，0.76 - 0.83）。
结论
在职人群中，严格遵循传统和改良日本饮食得分与较少的抑郁症状相关。
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