Georgiev Todor, Draganova Aneliya, Avramov Krasimir, Terziyski Kiril
Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2025 May 16;67(3). doi: 10.3897/folmed.67.e151493.
Chronic insomnia is the most common sleep disorder, affecting up to 10% of the global population, with more than one-third of the individuals worldwide reporting insufficient sleep as a common complaint. Due to its high prevalence, insomnia frequently co-exists with various somatic and psychiatric disorders, exhibiting a bidirectional relationship in which each condition influences the other. Depression, anxiety, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies can serve as factors triggering insomnia complaints, according to the behavioral model for insomnia development. Moreover, chronic insomnia increases the risk of these diseases through several pathogenic mechanisms, including activated stress response, altered neurotransmitter signaling, and impaired emotion regulation. This interplay creates a vicious cycle of poor sleep, deteriorated health, and impaired quality of life. Recognizing the relationship between insomnia and overall well-being is essential for adopting optimal treatment methodology, as addressing insomnia can ameliorate associated mental and physical health issues. This review explores the bidirectional association of chronic insomnia with other somatic and mental diseases, illustrating how each can aggravate the other, and emphasizes the importance of effective insomnia management in improving overall health and quality of life.
慢性失眠是最常见的睡眠障碍，影响着全球多达10%的人口，全球超过三分之一的人报告称睡眠不足是常见问题。由于其高患病率，失眠常与各种躯体和精神疾病共存，呈现出一种双向关系，即每种情况都会相互影响。根据失眠发展的行为模型，抑郁症、焦虑症、心血管疾病和恶性肿瘤都可能是引发失眠症状的因素。此外，慢性失眠通过多种致病机制增加了这些疾病的风险，包括激活应激反应、改变神经递质信号传导以及损害情绪调节。这种相互作用形成了睡眠不佳、健康恶化和生活质量受损的恶性循环。认识到失眠与整体健康之间的关系对于采用最佳治疗方法至关重要，因为解决失眠问题可以改善相关的身心健康问题。本综述探讨了慢性失眠与其他躯体和精神疾病的双向关联，阐明了它们如何相互加重，并强调了有效管理失眠对改善整体健康和生活质量的重要性。
