Le Phuoc-Anh
Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi 100000 Vietnam
RSC Adv. 2025 Jun 16;15(25):20239-20267. doi: 10.1039/d5ra00288e. eCollection 2025 Jun 10.
Since their discovery and application in human life, plastic has become the most popular materials on the planet, with applications in almost all fields. The fast growth of the world population and the remarkable expansion of the worldwide economy, along with increased global productivity, are the primary causes of the overproduction of plastic materials. Plastic waste poses a growing hazard to human life by contaminating the environment, particularly water and soil, which in turn leads to serious diseases and endangers human life. Thus, while discussing waste recycling in general, the topic of plastic waste recycling is always given priority. To maximize recycling, various ideas and discussions have been put forth over the years for turning plastic waste into other materials, such as carbonaceous materials, particularly graphene. Some top-down methods such as pyrolysis and flash Joule heating provide high conversion efficiencies of up to 70% and 90%, respectively, but require large energy supplies to reach extremely high temperatures from 600 °C to 3000 °C. In contrast, typical bottom-up methods such as chemical vapor deposition and microwave plasma provide remarkable efficiencies of up to 50% under specific conditions of inert gas environments. Thus, this review introduces some of the groundbreaking methods reported to date for recycling plastic waste into one of the materials of the century-graphene.
自从塑料在人类生活中被发现并应用以来，它已成为地球上最受欢迎的材料，几乎应用于所有领域。世界人口的快速增长、全球经济的显著扩张以及全球生产力的提高，是塑料材料生产过剩的主要原因。塑料垃圾通过污染环境，尤其是水和土壤，对人类生活构成越来越大的危害，进而导致严重疾病并危及人类生命。因此，在总体讨论废物回收时，塑料垃圾回收的话题总是被优先考虑。为了实现最大化回收，多年来人们提出了各种想法和讨论，以将塑料垃圾转化为其他材料，如含碳材料，特别是石墨烯。一些自上而下的方法，如热解和快速焦耳加热，分别提供高达70%和90%的高转化效率，但需要大量能源供应才能达到600℃至3000℃的极高温度。相比之下，典型的自下而上的方法，如化学气相沉积和微波等离子体，在惰性气体环境的特定条件下可提供高达50%的显著效率。因此，本综述介绍了迄今为止报道的一些将塑料垃圾回收为世纪材料之一——石墨烯的开创性方法。
