López Krisangel, Muller John A, Tanelus Manette, Auguste Dawn I, Stone William B, Paulson Sally L, Rizzo Amy, Mire Chad E, Auguste Albert J
Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061.
Animal Resources and Care Division, Office of Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061.
Poult Sci. 2025 May 30;104(9):105379. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105379.
Cache Valley virus (CVV) belongs to the genus Orthobunyavirus, and is known to cause severe disease in ruminants, including spontaneous abortions and congenital defects. Previous evidence suggests there is the potential of CVV to infect poultry species due to its wide geographic range, reports of seropositivity in birds for Cholul or Maguari virus (closely related viruses), and isolations of CVV from highly ornithophilic mosquito vectors. To determine CVV's potential as a disease-causing agent in poultry species, we used two strains from the two recognized genetic lineages of CVV for both our in-vivo and in-vitro studies. We assessed CVV's growth kinetics in three avian cells lines, including domestic chicken (Gallus gallus; DF-1), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica: QNR/K2), and Pekin Duck cells (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus: PDE). For the in-vivo studies, we challenged three-day old SPF-chickens (Gallus gallus), three-day old ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), and 14-day old quail (Coturnix coturnix) with both CVV strains. We found that CVV grew rapidly and to high titers in all three avian cell lines yet failed to induce a symptomatic infection during in-vivo studies. Our data suggests that domestic poultry species are likely not significant contributors to the maintenance of CVV. However, further studies using passerines and mosquito transmission experiments are necessary to determine if CVV has the potential to impact avian species.
卡奇谷病毒（CVV）属于正布尼亚病毒属，已知会在反刍动物中引发严重疾病，包括自然流产和先天性缺陷。先前的证据表明，由于其广泛的地理分布、鸟类中关于乔卢尔病毒或马瓜里病毒（密切相关病毒）血清阳性的报告以及从高度嗜鸟的蚊媒中分离出CVV，CVV有感染家禽物种的可能性。为了确定CVV作为家禽致病因子的潜力，我们在体内和体外研究中使用了来自CVV两个公认遗传谱系的两个毒株。我们评估了CVV在三种禽类细胞系中的生长动力学，包括家鸡（原鸡；DF-1）、日本鹌鹑（日本鹌鹑：QNR/K2）和北京鸭细胞（家鸭：PDE）。在体内研究中，我们用两种CVV毒株对三日龄的无特定病原体鸡（原鸡）、三日龄的雏鸭（家鸭）和十四日龄的鹌鹑（鹌鹑）进行了攻毒。我们发现CVV在所有三种禽类细胞系中都快速生长并达到高滴度，但在体内研究中未能引发有症状的感染。我们的数据表明，家禽物种可能对CVV的维持没有重大贡献。然而，需要进一步使用雀形目鸟类进行研究以及进行蚊媒传播实验，以确定CVV是否有可能影响禽类物种。
