Chen Wei-Gang, Li Li, Dai Guo-Dong, Wu Yao-Dong, Shumuye Nigus Abebe, Amuda Tharheer Oluwashola, Tian Xue-Qi, Gao Sheng-Zhi, Hou Xue-Yi, Zhang Nian-Zhang, Tian Wen-Jun, Zhang Lin-Sheng, Li Le, Zhang Fu-Heng, Guo Min-Kuan, Li Wen-Dong, Yang Tao, Fu Bao-Quan, Yin Hong, Yan Hong-Bin, Jia Wan-Zhong
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-Reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Kalamino Campus, P.O. Box: 2084, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Parasitol Res. 2025 Jun 18;124(6):66. doi: 10.1007/s00436-025-08494-0.
Echinococcosis is a severe parasitic zoonosis worldwide distribution, caused by the genus Echinococcus. One of its recently identified species, Echinococcus shiquicus, is believed to be endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China. Research has confirmed that Tibetan foxes are the definitive hosts for E. shiquicus, while plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) serve as intermediate hosts. In this study, cyst containing protoscolices was first observed in the lung of plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gannan, Gansu Province, China. This observation was confirmed using complete sequences of the cox1 and nad1 genes. We also characterized the cysts and examined the genetic diversity of Echinococcus shiquicus collected from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region, which includes Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, and the Tibet Autonomous Region. Phylogenetic trees and haplotype analyses for the isolates were constructed using the maximum likelihood method in MEGA 7.0.26 and DnaSP v6 software, based on the complete cox1 (1608 bp) and nad1 (897 bp) gene sequences, as well as a concatenated dataset of cox1-nad1 (2505 bp). The cyst containing protoscolices in the lung of plateau zokor was identified as Echinococcus shiquicus. The prevalence of E. shiquicus infection in plateau pikas in Luqu and Maqu counties in Gansu province was found to be 2.38% (3/126) and 3.36% (10/298), respectively, while in plateau zokors, it was 1.61% (1/62). Haplotype analysis, incorporating sequences from previous studies, revealed the presence of 17 haplotypes, indicating significant haplotype diversity in the study areas. The neutrality indices were Tajima's D = - 1.438 (P > 0.05) and Fu's Fs = - 3.169 (P > 0.05). This study provides important insights into Echinococcus shiquicus and its associations with plateau zokors and plateau pikas in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We identified plateau zokors as a new natural intermediate host for E. shiquicus, emphasizing the complexity of its transmission dynamics and host interactions within this unique ecosystem. The observed morphological and developmental state differences in cysts between the liver and lung suggest that presence of tissue specificity in different organ. Additionally, the analysis of genetic diversity revealed high intraspecific variability, indicating a complex population structure influenced by various ecological factors.
棘球蚴病是一种严重的寄生虫人畜共患病，在全球范围内分布，由棘球绦虫属引起。其最近确定的物种之一，石渠棘球绦虫，被认为是中国青藏高原特有的。研究证实，藏狐是石渠棘球绦虫的终末宿主，而高原鼠兔（高原鼠兔）作为中间宿主。在本研究中，首次在中国甘肃省甘南藏族自治州高原鼢鼠（甘肃鼢鼠）的肺中观察到含有原头节的囊肿。使用cox1和nad1基因的完整序列证实了这一观察结果。我们还对囊肿进行了特征描述，并研究了从青藏高原地区（包括甘肃省、青海省和西藏自治区）收集的石渠棘球绦虫的遗传多样性。基于完整的cox1（1608 bp）和nad1（897 bp）基因序列以及cox1-nad1（2505 bp）的串联数据集，使用MEGA 7.0.26和DnaSP v6软件中的最大似然法构建了分离株的系统发育树和单倍型分析。在高原鼢鼠肺中含有原头节的囊肿被鉴定为石渠棘球绦虫。发现甘肃省碌曲县和玛曲县高原鼠兔中石渠棘球绦虫的感染率分别为2.38%（3/126）和3.36%（10/298），而在高原鼢鼠中为1.61%（1/62）。结合先前研究的序列进行的单倍型分析揭示了17种单倍型的存在，表明研究区域内存在显著的单倍型多样性。中性指数为Tajima's D = -1.438（P > 0.05）和Fu's Fs = -3.169（P > 0.05）。本研究为石渠棘球绦虫及其与青藏高原高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔的关系提供了重要见解。我们确定高原鼢鼠是石渠棘球绦虫的新的天然中间宿主，强调了其在这个独特生态系统中传播动态和宿主相互作用的复杂性。在肝脏和肺中观察到的囊肿形态和发育状态差异表明不同器官存在组织特异性。此外，遗传多样性分析揭示了种内高度变异性，表明受各种生态因素影响的复杂种群结构。
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