Vaarst Mette, Studnitz Merete, Krogh Mogens Agerbo, Kongsted Hanne
Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele, DK-8830, Denmark.
The International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems (ICROFS), Blichers Allé 20, Tjele, DK-8830, Denmark.
Acta Vet Scand. 2025 Jun 17;67(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s13028-025-00816-7.
Prudent antimicrobial use (AMU) is paramount for future sustainable animal production. Continuous efforts are required to have a low and well-regulated AMU. Living Labs (LLs) are multistakeholder open innovation platforms that have the potential to allow multiple stakeholders to explore common ground, create dialogues and find solutions to jointly identified problems. The purpose of this study was to stimulate multistakeholder dialogues leading to transitions towards a more prudent AMU in the Danish dairy and pig sectors.
The two LLs, which focused on pig farms and dairy cattle farms, worked in parallel for 30 months. Stakeholders in the pig and dairy sectors pointed to systemic structures such as logistic conditions and global market structures as the main drivers of the current AMU. Both LLs expressed conflicting interests and perceptions around the concept of prudent AMU related to animal welfare and today's production systems. Thus, the LLs in the Danish context became spaces for opening dialogues and negotiating difficult and sensitive issues in addition to being open-innovation platforms. Both LLs expressed scepticism around the connections between AMU in animal farming and the global threat of antimicrobial resistance to humans. However, this scepticism was more dominant for the stakeholders of the pig sector. The feeling of being a global front-runner in prudent AMU, legislation and transparent monitoring of AMU existed in both sectors, but both LLs identified possibilities and room for improvement. The need to reduce AMU was most consistently articulated in the dairy cattle LL, where the stakeholders increasingly focused on calves from dairy farms and the systemic drivers, which made it challenging to reduce AMU. Some actors in the pig LL kept questioning whether a change towards more prudent AMU was needed in Denmark.
The LL approach fostered important dialogues and insights between central stakeholders in the sectors and was thereby helpful in terms of opening and contributing to dialogues about antibiotic usage in dairy cattle and pigs within and across sectors.
谨慎使用抗菌药物对于未来可持续的动物生产至关重要。需要持续努力以实现抗菌药物的低用量和良好监管。生活实验室（LLs）是多方利益相关者的开放式创新平台，有潜力让多个利益相关者探索共同点、开展对话并找到共同认定问题的解决方案。本研究的目的是激发多方利益相关者对话，以推动丹麦奶牛和生猪养殖部门向更谨慎使用抗菌药物的方向转变。
这两个分别聚焦于养猪场和奶牛场的生活实验室并行运作了30个月。生猪和奶牛养殖部门的利益相关者指出，物流条件和全球市场结构等系统结构是当前抗菌药物使用的主要驱动因素。两个生活实验室在与动物福利和当今生产系统相关的谨慎使用抗菌药物概念上都表达了相互冲突的利益和看法。因此，丹麦的生活实验室除了作为开放式创新平台外，还成为了开启对话以及就困难和敏感问题进行谈判的场所。两个生活实验室都对动物养殖中抗菌药物的使用与全球抗菌药物耐药性对人类的威胁之间的联系表示怀疑。然而，这种怀疑在生猪养殖部门的利益相关者中更为突出。两个部门都存在作为谨慎使用抗菌药物、立法和抗菌药物使用透明监测方面的全球领先者的感觉，但两个生活实验室都发现了改进的可能性和空间。在奶牛生活实验室中，减少抗菌药物使用的需求表达得最为一致，其中利益相关者越来越关注奶牛场的犊牛以及系统驱动因素，这使得减少抗菌药物使用具有挑战性。生猪生活实验室中的一些行为者一直在质疑丹麦是否需要转向更谨慎地使用抗菌药物。
生活实验室方法促进了各部门核心利益相关者之间的重要对话和见解，从而有助于开启并推动部门内部和跨部门关于奶牛和生猪抗生素使用的对话。
