在实验室和现场环境中评估Aquatain、苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列变种和双硫磷对阿拉伯按蚊和斯氏按蚊幼虫的有效性。

Evaluation of the effectiveness of Aquatain, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, and Temephos on Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles stephensi larvae in the laboratory and field settings.

作者信息

Dugassa Sisay, Kebede Tilahun, Abdulatif Bedri, Assefa Gudissa, Solomon Hiwot, Getachew Dejene, Lelisa Kidane, Gebresilassie Araya

机构信息

Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Federal Ministry of Health, Malaria and Other Vector-Borne Diseases Prevention and Control Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

出版信息

Parasit Vectors. 2025 Jun 17;18(1):223. doi: 10.1186/s13071-025-06765-4.

DOI:10.1186/s13071-025-06765-4

PMID:40528257

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12172309/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The main tools to control malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa are long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying. However, their sustainability is threatened by the emergence of insecticide resistances, behavioral avoidance and presence of outdoor biting mosquito populations. Thus, complementary interventions such as larval source management, which includes larviciding, are required to achieve better results in malaria vector control. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three larvicides (Aquatain AMF, Temephos and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis) against larvae of Anopheles arabiensisi and Anopheles stephensi.

METHODS

The tests on insectary colony and field-collected immature stages of the mosquitoes were conducted in the laboratory. For this, the third and fourth larval instars of An. arabiensis and An. stephensi were placed in trays measuring 50 cm × 40 cm, and larvicides were applied to the treatments while the control trays were left untreated. In addition, the larvicides were applied to selected natural habitats, and their effects on the reduction of the immature stages' density were estimated.

RESULTS

In the laboratory, susceptible An. arabiensis showed mortality rates of 95% with Aquatain, 100% with Bti and 100% with Temephos, while An. stephensi showed 60% with Aquatain, 84% with Bti and 100% with Temephos. The percentage of larval mortalities among wild An. arabiensis collected from the field and exposed to Aquatain, Bti and Temephos were 97%, 100% and 100%, respectively, whereas those of An. stephensi were 74%, 99% and 100%, respectively. During the natural field study, the reductions in immature stages were as follows: 77%, 96% and 95% in Adama; 89%, 95% and 94% in Metahara; and 92%, 84% and 96% in Awash for Aquatain, Bti and Temephos, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The three larvicides, Aquatain, Temephos and Bti, provided high levels of larviciding efficacies in both laboratory and field evaluations. Despite its effectiveness, Temephos caused the water to turn whitish and emitted a strong odor that made the community wary regarding the treated habitats. Therefore, we recommend using Aquatain in mosquito control programs as a complementary malaria vector control tool.

摘要

背景

撒哈拉以南非洲控制疟疾媒介的主要工具是长效杀虫网和室内滞留喷洒。然而，杀虫剂抗性的出现、行为规避以及室外叮咬蚊虫种群的存在威胁着它们的可持续性。因此，需要诸如幼虫源管理（包括杀幼虫剂）等补充性干预措施，以在疟疾媒介控制方面取得更好的效果。本研究旨在评估三种杀幼虫剂（Aquatain AMF、双硫磷和苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列变种）对阿拉伯按蚊和斯氏按蚊幼虫的效果。

方法

在实验室对饲养在昆虫饲养室的蚊虫群体以及野外采集的未成熟阶段蚊虫进行测试。为此，将阿拉伯按蚊和斯氏按蚊的三龄和四龄幼虫放入50厘米×40厘米的托盘中，对处理组施用杀幼虫剂，而对照组托盘不做处理。此外，将杀幼虫剂施用于选定的自然栖息地，并估计其对降低未成熟阶段蚊虫密度的影响。

结果

在实验室中，对杀虫剂敏感的阿拉伯按蚊使用Aquatain时死亡率为95%，使用苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列变种时为100%，使用双硫磷时为100%；而斯氏按蚊使用Aquatain时死亡率为60%，使用苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列变种时为84%，使用双硫磷时为100%。从野外采集并接触Aquatain、苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列变种和双硫磷的野生阿拉伯按蚊幼虫死亡率分别为97%、100%和100%，而斯氏按蚊幼虫死亡率分别为74%、99%和100%。在自然野外研究中，未成熟阶段蚊虫数量的减少情况如下：在阿达马，使用Aquatain、苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列变种和双硫磷时分别减少77%、96%和95%；在梅塔哈拉分别减少89%、95%和94%；在阿瓦什分别减少92%、84%和96%。