Zhou Yuyan, Wang Xinyue, Tian Xiaorong, Zhang Deyu, Cui Hanxiao, Du Wei, Yang Zhenghui, Li Jiayu, Li Wanshun, Xu Jiaheng, Duanmu Ying, Yu Ting, Cai Fengping, Li Wenhao, Jin Zhendong, Wu Wencheng, Huang Haojie
Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Mater Today Bio. 2025 May 30;33:101922. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101922. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Nanodrug delivery systems (NDDSs) have demonstrated broad application prospects in disease treatment, prevention, and diagnosis due to their nanoscale size advantages and high drug-loading capacity. However, their clinical translation still faces multiple challenges, including rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), nonspecific targeting, and insufficient efficiency in crossing biological barriers. Cell membrane-coated biomimetic delivery systems (CMC-BDS), which integrates natural cell membranes onto nanoparticle (NPs) surfaces, provides nanodrugs with a versatile "biomimetic cloak," representing a highly promising surface engineering strategy. This approach enables nanocarriers to inherit the intrinsic biological properties of different cell sources, endowing them with immune evasion, prolonged circulation, dynamic targeting, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, while supporting the integration of diverse biomedical functions. Furthermore, surface functionalization modifications can enhance their programmability, multifunctionality, and biointerface adaptability, thereby optimizing targeted delivery efficiency and extending in vivo circulation time. This review first outlines the development and key preparation steps of cell membrane coating technology. It then discusses the selection strategies for various cell membrane types-including leukocyte, erythrocyte, platelet, dendritic cell, tumor cell, and bacterial membranes-while comparing their respective advantages and limitations. Finally, the review highlights recent advances in applying cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMC-NPs) for treating tumors, ischemic stroke, and inflammatory diseases.
纳米药物递送系统（NDDSs）由于其纳米级尺寸优势和高载药量，在疾病治疗、预防和诊断方面已展现出广阔的应用前景。然而，其临床转化仍面临多重挑战，包括网状内皮系统（RES）的快速清除、非特异性靶向以及穿越生物屏障的效率不足。细胞膜包覆的仿生递送系统（CMC-BDS）将天然细胞膜整合到纳米颗粒（NPs）表面，为纳米药物提供了一种通用的“仿生外衣”，是一种极具前景的表面工程策略。这种方法使纳米载体能够继承不同细胞来源的固有生物学特性，赋予它们免疫逃避、延长循环时间、动态靶向、生物相容性和生物可降解性，同时支持多种生物医学功能的整合。此外，表面功能化修饰可以增强其可编程性、多功能性和生物界面适应性，从而优化靶向递送效率并延长体内循环时间。本综述首先概述了细胞膜包覆技术的发展和关键制备步骤。然后讨论了包括白细胞、红细胞、血小板、树突状细胞、肿瘤细胞和细菌膜等各种细胞膜类型的选择策略，同时比较它们各自的优缺点。最后，本综述重点介绍了应用细胞膜包覆纳米颗粒（CMC-NPs）治疗肿瘤、缺血性中风和炎症性疾病的最新进展。
