Zhou Yuyan, Wang Xinyue, Zhang Deyu, Cui Hanxiao, Tian Xiaorong, Du Wei, Yang Zhenghui, Wan Dongling, Qiu Zhiwei, Liu Chao, Yang Zhicheng, Zhang Lizhihong, Yang Qiusheng, Xu Xuefeng, Li Wenhao, Wang Dong, Huang Haojie, Wu Wencheng
Central Laboratory and Department of Medical Ultrasound, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jun;12(21):e2504672. doi: 10.1002/advs.202504672. Epub 2025 May 8.
Nanodrug delivery systems (NDDS) have demonstrated broad application prospects in disease treatment, prevention, and diagnosis due to several advantages, including functionalization capability, high drug-loading capacity, drug stability protection, and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, their clinical translation still faces multiple challenges, including rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), poor targeting specificity, and insufficient efficiency in crossing biological barriers. To address these limitations, researchers have developed the biological carrier-mediated nanomedicine hitchhiking strategy (BCM-NHS), which leverages circulating cells, proteins, or bacteria as natural "mobile carriers" to enhance drug delivery. This approach enables nanocarriers to inherit the intrinsic biological properties, endowing them with immune evasion, prolonged circulation, dynamic targeting, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and naturally optimized biological interfaces. Here, a systematic overview of the BCM-NHS is provided. First, the review delves into the methods of nanoparticles (NPs) binding and immobilization, encompassing both the surface-attachment-mediated "backpack" strategy and the encapsulation-based "Trojan horse" strategy. Second, the classification of biological carriers, including both cell-based and non-cell-based carriers, is elucidated. Third, the physical properties and release mechanisms of these nanomaterials are thoroughly described. Finally, the latest applications of BCM-NHS in therapeutic and diagnostic contexts across various disease models including tumor, ischemic stroke, and pneumonia are highlighted.
纳米药物递送系统（NDDS）由于具有多种优势，包括功能化能力、高载药量、药物稳定性保护以及增强的渗透和滞留（EPR）效应，已在疾病治疗、预防和诊断中展现出广阔的应用前景。然而，它们的临床转化仍面临多重挑战，包括网状内皮系统（RES）的快速清除、靶向特异性差以及穿越生物屏障的效率不足。为了解决这些限制，研究人员开发了生物载体介导的纳米药物搭便车策略（BCM-NHS），该策略利用循环细胞、蛋白质或细菌作为天然的“移动载体”来增强药物递送。这种方法使纳米载体能够继承内在的生物学特性，赋予它们免疫逃逸、延长循环时间、动态靶向、生物相容性、生物可降解性以及天然优化的生物界面。在此，提供了对BCM-NHS的系统概述。首先，综述深入探讨了纳米颗粒（NPs）结合和固定的方法，包括表面附着介导的“背包”策略和基于封装的“特洛伊木马”策略。其次，阐明了生物载体的分类，包括基于细胞的载体和非细胞载体。第三，全面描述了这些纳米材料的物理性质和释放机制。最后，重点介绍了BCM-NHS在包括肿瘤、缺血性中风和肺炎在内的各种疾病模型的治疗和诊断方面的最新应用。
