Tang Anson Chui Yan, Lee Regina Lai-Tong, Chan Alex Chi-Keung, Kwan Rick Yiu Cho, Lee Paul Hong
School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
Health Psychol Behav Med. 2025 Jun 16;13(1):2508833. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2025.2508833. eCollection 2025.
Smartphone Addiction (SA) is a rising global behavioral issue among adolescents. Extant studies rarely explore interventions to lower the risk of SA and increase resilience for adolescents.
To investigate the feasibility of the study protocol designed with a cluster-RCT and examine the preliminary effect of the first 4-week group mindfulness-based cognitive program (MBCP) on Smartphone Addiction risk and resilience in young adolescents.
A quasi-experimental approach was used. Two primary schools were randomly allocated into two study groups. 23 and 28 aged 10-11 adolescents were recruited for waitlist control and intervention groups, respectively. Intervention group received the first 4 weeks of the MBCP. The risk of Smartphone Addiction was measured by Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. Smartphone behavior was evaluated by daily time spent on smartphone and frequency of using smartphone functions. Resilience was evaluated by Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Data was collected before intervention (T0) and after the fourth session (week 4,T1).
Attrition rate, participation rate, and compliance with daily home practice were 10.7%, 80%, and 64%, respectively. There were no significant differences in outcome variables between groups. In within-group comparison, the posttest resilience score was significantly greater than that of the pretest in intervention group (Z = -2.37, = 0.02), with a moderate effect size () of 0.52. No significant within-group differences were found for all smartphone behavioral outcomes ( > 0.05). However, the within-group effect size () of total smartphone addiction score in the intervention(I) group was larger than that of the control(C) ( =-0.13; = 0.06). It gives clue to the potential influence of mindfulness practice on adolescents' smartphone behavior.
The preliminary findings suggest that MBCP may be a potential intervention to manage smartphone addiction problems in young adolescents in Hong Kong's school context. Further refinement of intervention protocol to boost parents' participation and compliance with daily practice is needed to ensure practice adherence.
智能手机成瘾（SA）是青少年中一个日益严重的全球性行为问题。现有研究很少探讨降低青少年智能手机成瘾风险和增强其恢复力的干预措施。
调查采用整群随机对照试验（cluster-RCT）设计的研究方案的可行性，并检验为期4周的首个基于正念的认知团体项目（MBCP）对青少年智能手机成瘾风险和恢复力的初步效果。
采用准实验方法。两所小学被随机分为两个研究组。分别招募了23名和28名10-11岁的青少年，分为等待名单对照组和干预组。干预组接受了为期4周的MBCP。通过智能手机成瘾量表简版测量智能手机成瘾风险。通过每天花在智能手机上的时间和使用智能手机功能的频率评估智能手机行为。通过康纳-戴维森恢复力量表评估恢复力。在干预前（T0）和第四节课后（第4周，T1）收集数据。
损耗率、参与率和每日家庭练习的依从率分别为10.7%、80%和64%。两组之间的结果变量没有显著差异。在组内比较中，干预组的后测恢复力得分显著高于前测（Z = -2.37，P = 0.02），中等效应量（Cohen's d）为0.52。所有智能手机行为结果在组内均未发现显著差异（P > 0.05）。然而，干预（I）组的总智能手机成瘾得分的组内效应量大于对照组（C）（Cohen's d = -0.13；P = 0.06）。这提示了正念练习对青少年智能手机行为的潜在影响。
初步研究结果表明，在香港学校环境中，MBCP可能是管理青少年智能手机成瘾问题的一种潜在干预措施。需要进一步完善干预方案，以提高家长的参与度和对每日练习的依从性，以确保坚持练习。
