Faraz Asim, Buzdar Hassan Qadir, Waheed Abdul, Hussain Syeda Maryam, Rahman Sajjad Ur, Bashir Muhammad Mukarram, Padalino Barbara
Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan.
Department of Livestock Production and Management, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Jun 2;12:1576912. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1576912. eCollection 2025.
This pilot study investigated the effects of postbiotics supplementation on both milk yield and composition within a semi-intensive management system in camels. The key indicators included daily milk yield, fats, protein, solid not fats, and lactose levels. A total of 12 dairy camels from early to mid-lactation stages (second to fourth parity) were divided into four groups to obtain similar milk production among groups. Prior to the study, all camels were dewormed and confirmed for good health status. The first group served as the control and was permitted to graze for only 8 h per day without any supplementation. The second group received an additional 3 kg of concentrate feed alongside the same grazing schedule. The third and fourth groups were supplemented with 3 kg of concentrate feed plus 6 grams and 15 grams of extra pure metabolites (postbiotics - XPM), respectively, while maintaining the daily grazing duration of 8 h. The trial spanned 45 days, with an initial adaptation period of 15 days. Milk yield was recorded at four intervals: days 0, 16, 30, and 45. Milk composition analysis occurred on days 0 and 45 to establish baseline and final metrics. A complete randomized design was used, and one-way ANOVA was applied for statistical analysis at a significance level of 5%. The least significant difference test facilitated comparisons among treatment means. Results indicated significant differences in milk production across groups ( < 0.005), with the highest yield observed in the fourth group (8.93 ± 0.74 kg) compared to the control group (4.64 ± 0.32 kg) ( = 0.0010). In terms of milk composition, there was a notable effect on fat percentage among treatment groups, with the fourth group exhibiting the highest fat content (3.40 ± 0.05%) and the control group showing the lowest (2.82 ± 0.05%) ( = 0.0450). However, variations in protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat levels were not statistically significant. In short, postbiotics significantly enhance fat content in dromedary camels, highlighting their potential as a valuable dairy breed within semi-intensive management systems. This will serve as a pilot study for the field of camel science, which could be used for further detailed studies about camel semi-intensive and intensive feeding management systems.
这项初步研究调查了在半集约化管理系统中，补充后生元对骆驼产奶量和奶成分的影响。关键指标包括日产奶量、脂肪、蛋白质、非脂固形物和乳糖水平。选取12头处于泌乳早期至中期（第二至第四胎次）的泌乳骆驼，将其分为四组，以使各组产奶量相近。在研究开始前，所有骆驼都进行了驱虫，并确认健康状况良好。第一组作为对照组，每天仅放牧8小时，不进行任何补充。第二组在相同的放牧计划基础上，额外添加3千克精饲料。第三组和第四组分别在添加3千克精饲料的基础上，额外补充6克和15克纯代谢产物（后生元 - XPM），同时保持每日8小时的放牧时间。试验为期45天，初始适应期为15天。在第0天、第16天、第30天和第45天记录产奶量。在第0天和第45天进行奶成分分析，以确定基线和最终指标。采用完全随机设计，并应用单因素方差分析进行统计分析，显著性水平为5%。最小显著差数检验有助于比较各处理均值。结果表明，各组之间的产奶量存在显著差异（<0.005），与对照组（4.64 ± 0.32千克）相比，第四组的产奶量最高（8.93 ± 0.74千克）（=0.0010）。在奶成分方面，各处理组之间的脂肪百分比有显著影响，第四组的脂肪含量最高（3.40 ± 0.05%），对照组最低（2.82 ± 0.05%）（=0.0450）。然而，蛋白质、乳糖和非脂固形物水平的变化无统计学意义。简而言之，后生元显著提高了单峰骆驼的脂肪含量，凸显了它们在半集约化管理系统中作为有价值的奶牛品种的潜力。这将作为骆驼科学领域的一项初步研究，可用于进一步详细研究骆驼的半集约化和集约化饲养管理系统。
