Bansal Shivani, Gupta Saurabh, Gupta Saru, Bogra Poonam, Bansal Rajinder, Grover Vishakha, Gupta Seema
Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, J.N. Kapoor D.A.V. Centenary Dental College, Yamunanagar, IND.
Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jammu, IND.
Cureus. 2025 May 18;17(5):e84320. doi: 10.7759/cureus.84320. eCollection 2025 May.
Composite resin restorations are widely used in restorative dentistry; however, their long-term aesthetic success depends on color stability and surface integrity. Daily exposure to mouthwashes may influence these properties. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of different mouthwash formulations on the color stability and surface roughness of Tetric N-Ceram Nanohybrid (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) composites.
80 disc-shaped specimens (n = 40/group) of nanohybrid (Tetric N-Ceram), and bulk-fill composite (Tetric N-Ceram) were fabricated and polished according to the manufacturer's instructions. Each group was further divided into four subgroups (n = 10): control (distilled water), Listerine Cool Mint® (alcohol-based mouthwash, Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, USA), Phos-Flur® (fluoride-based mouthwash, Colgate-Palmolive, New York, USA), and Rexidine® (0.2% chlorhexidine-based mouthwash, Indoco Remedies Ltd., Mumbai, India). Specimens were immersed in 30 mL of the respective solution for five min per cycle, three times daily, for 60 days, simulating one year of clinical exposure. The color change (ΔE) was measured using a VITA Easyshade® V spectrophotometer (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany), and the surface roughness (Ra) was assessed using a contact profilometer (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) analysis with 3D surface plots using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA) provided a complementary morphological evaluation. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey's test (p < 0.05).
Significant color changes were observed in both composites, with Listerine causing the highest ΔE values, particularly in the bulk-fill group. Rexidine caused notable discoloration, whereas Phos-Flur had minimal effects. The surface roughness increased significantly in both materials after exposure, with the nanohybrid composites showing greater sensitivity to surface alterations.
The mouthwash formulation significantly affected the aesthetic and surface characteristics of composite resins. Nanohybrid composites demonstrated better color stability, but were more susceptible to surface roughness changes than bulk-fill composites.
复合树脂修复体在口腔修复学中被广泛应用；然而，其长期的美学成功取决于颜色稳定性和表面完整性。日常使用漱口水可能会影响这些特性。本研究旨在评估和比较不同漱口水配方对Tetric N-Ceram纳米混合树脂（义获嘉伟瓦登特公司，沙恩，列支敦士登）和Tetric N-Ceram大块充填树脂（义获嘉伟瓦登特公司，沙恩，列支敦士登）复合材料的颜色稳定性和表面粗糙度的影响。
按照制造商的说明制作并抛光80个圆盘形纳米混合树脂（Tetric N-Ceram）和大块充填复合材料（Tetric N-Ceram）样本（n = 40/组）。每组进一步分为四个亚组（n = 10）：对照组（蒸馏水）、劲爽薄荷味李斯德林漱口水（含酒精漱口水，强生公司，美国新不伦瑞克）、防蛀漱口水（含氟漱口水，高露洁棕榄公司，美国纽约）和利口卓®漱口水（含0.2%洗必泰漱口水，印多制药有限公司，印度孟买）。样本在30 mL相应溶液中每个周期浸泡5分钟，每天三次，共60天，模拟一年的临床暴露。使用VITA Easyshade® V分光光度计（维他齿科材料有限公司，德国巴特萨克京根）测量颜色变化（ΔE），并使用接触式轮廓仪（蔡司公司，德国奥伯科亨）评估表面粗糙度（Ra）。使用ImageJ软件（美国国立卫生研究院，马里兰州贝塞斯达）进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）（蔡司公司，德国奥伯科亨）分析并生成三维表面图，提供补充形态学评估。数据使用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）和事后Tukey检验（p < 0.05）进行分析。
两种复合材料均观察到显著的颜色变化，其中李斯德林漱口水导致的ΔE值最高，尤其是在大块充填组。利口卓®漱口水导致明显变色，而防蛀漱口水的影响最小。暴露后两种材料的表面粗糙度均显著增加，纳米混合复合材料对表面变化表现出更高的敏感性。
漱口水配方显著影响复合树脂的美学和表面特性。纳米混合复合材料表现出更好的颜色稳定性，但比大块充填复合材料更容易受到表面粗糙度变化的影响。
