Sustainability and minimization of carbon footprint in ophthalmology: what can we change in the outpatient clinic routine?

Ophthalmological care has significant potential to consume energy, utilize resources, and generate waste, thereby contributing to a substantial portion of greenhouse gas emissions. Although awareness is increasing, many clinicians still lack knowledge about the actions that can be taken to address climate change. The literature about sustainability in ophthalmology has focused on surgery and the operating room. In this review, it was aimed to explore what can be accomplished in outpatient clinics, which make up a significant portion of the daily routine. Outpatient clinic services contribute significantly to carbon emissions. Measures to reduce this impact include redesigning outpatient clinics, using multi-purpose tools and equipment that can be properly disinfected and sterilized rather than relying on single-use items, minimizing unnecessary referrals and visits, and incorporating artificial intelligence and telemedicine into ophthalmological care.