Liu Guangtian, Lv Jufen, Chen Linlin, Ma Yinglong, Liu Bofei, Jiang Xuefeng
The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China.
The College of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jun 4;16:1582163. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1582163. eCollection 2025.
China is one of the three countries with the largest TB burden globally, with an increased number of patients reported in 2021.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis (TB) and the genotype characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
From 2005 to 2023, to provide a scientific basis for the precise prevention and control of TB. Epidemiological data on TB in Ningxia were obtained from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System from 2005 to 2023. The temporal trend of TB incidence was assessed using a Joinpoint regression analysis (Joinpoint 5.2.0), and spatial autocorrelation analyses were performed using ArcGIS 10.8. Spoligotyping and McSpoligotyping based on 222 isolated MTB strains.
From 2005 to 2023, 51,345 patients with TB were reported in Ningxia. The incidence of TB decreased from 48.22/100,000 in 2005 to 30.47/100,000 in 2023. Joinpoint analysis showed that the incidence of TB in all age groups exhibited an overall decreasing trend. The incidences were significantly lower among urban residents than among rural residents. A spatial analysis showed that the southern mountainous area had a high incidence, with an average annual incidence of more than 60/100,000 in the Xiji, Lund, and Haiyuan counties, and this showed significant spatial clustering in 2007, 2009, 2014, 2016, and 2018. Genotyping showed that Beijing was the main genotype in Ningxia, accounting for 80.63% of the total (78.26% in 2005-2012 and 83.18% in 2013-2023). A cluster analysis showed that the Beijing type had strong intraregional transmission characteristics. The overall incidence of TB in Ningxia, China, showed a significant downward trend, but the prevalence was high in the southern mountainous regions and rural populations. The high aggregation of Beijing-type genotypes suggests a risk of intra-regional transmission and the need to strengthen surveillance and transmission chain analyses.
TB incidence in Ningxia declined from 48.22 to 30.47/100,000 (2005-2023), yet remains high in southern mountainous regions. Persistent Beijing-type M. tuberculosis strains dominate, suggesting sustained transmission. Targeted interventions and further molecular studies are needed to enhance control in endemic areas.
中国是全球结核病负担最重的三个国家之一，2021年报告的患者数量有所增加。
在本研究中，我们旨在调查中国宁夏回族自治区结核病（TB）的流行病学概况和结核分枝杆菌（MTB）的基因型特征。
2005年至2023年期间，为结核病的精准防控提供科学依据。宁夏结核病的流行病学数据来自2005年至2023年的中国疾病预防控制信息系统。使用Joinpoint回归分析（Joinpoint 5.2.0）评估结核病发病率的时间趋势，并使用ArcGIS 10.8进行空间自相关分析。基于222株分离的MTB菌株进行 spoligotyping和McSpoligotyping。
2005年至2023年，宁夏报告了51345例结核病患者。结核病发病率从2005年的48.22/10万降至2023年的30.47/10万。Joinpoint分析表明，所有年龄组的结核病发病率总体呈下降趋势。城市居民的发病率明显低于农村居民。空间分析表明，南部山区发病率较高，西吉、隆德和海原县的年平均发病率超过60/10万，在2007年、2009年、2014年、2016年和2018年呈现出显著的空间聚集性。基因分型显示，北京型是宁夏的主要基因型，占总数的80.63%（2005 - 2012年为78.26%，2013 - 2023年为83.18%）。聚类分析表明，北京型具有较强的区域内传播特征。中国宁夏结核病的总体发病率呈显著下降趋势，但南部山区和农村人口中的患病率较高。北京型基因型的高度聚集表明存在区域内传播风险，需要加强监测和传播链分析。
宁夏结核病发病率从48.22降至30.47/10万（2005 - 2023年），但南部山区仍然较高。持续存在的北京型结核分枝杆菌菌株占主导地位，表明传播持续存在。需要有针对性的干预措施和进一步的分子研究，以加强流行地区的防控。
