Fischer Anne, Corr Liam, Birdsey Laurence P, Hearris Mark, Morgan Paul, Hodson Nathan, Martinho Diogo, Fleming James, Mohr Magni, Krustrup Peter, Russell Mark, Sale Craig, Harper Liam David, Field Adam
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Institute of Sport, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Cardiff School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2025 Jun 13;35(5):404-415. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0253. Print 2025 Sep 1.
Higher carbohydrate availability, achieved through combined intake of glucose and fructose, has been shown to enhance endurance performance. This study examined the effects of higher carbohydrate doses containing a fructose-glucose mixture (1:2 ratio) compared with lower doses containing only glucose on performance during a 120-min simulated soccer match. Fifteen semiprofessional soccer players (seven males and eight females) completed two 120-min soccer-specific exercise sessions in a randomized and crossover design. Participants consumed either 60 g/hr glucose or a combination of 0.5 g/min fructose and 1.0 g/min glucose (90 g/hr) at preexercise, halftime, full time, and midway through extra time. Measures, including gastrointestinal discomfort, mental fatigue, passing accuracy, neuromuscular performance (reactive strength index, countermovement jump height, and peak power output), and sprint performance (15- and 30-m sprints), were assessed at 0, 45, 90, and 120 min. Blood glucose and lactate concentrations were assessed every 15 min. Fructose-glucose coingestion elevated blood glucose concentration from 105 min (p = .006, d = 1.2) but did not maintain performance (p > .05). Gastrointestinal symptoms of gastric reflux at 45 min (p = .011, d = 0.9), fullness at 90 min (p = .013, d = 0.9), and flatulence at 120 min worsened in the glucose group (p = .003, d = 1.1). Abdominal cramps were greater in the fructose-glucose group at 45 (p < .001, d = 1.7) and 90 min (p < .001, d = 1.6). Although supplementation did not influence any other variables (p > .05), countermovement jump height, peak power output, and sprint performance were negatively influenced by exercise in both conditions (p < .05). A higher carbohydrate dosage of fructose-glucose coingestion increases blood glucose concentrations but does not mitigate technical and neuromuscular performance impairments during a prolonged simulated soccer match.
通过同时摄入葡萄糖和果糖实现更高的碳水化合物可利用性，已被证明能提高耐力表现。本研究考察了与仅含葡萄糖的较低剂量相比，含有果糖 - 葡萄糖混合物（比例为1:2）的较高碳水化合物剂量对120分钟模拟足球比赛期间表现的影响。15名半职业足球运动员（7名男性和8名女性）采用随机交叉设计完成了两次120分钟的足球专项训练课程。参与者在运动前、半场休息、比赛结束和加时赛中途分别摄入60克/小时的葡萄糖或0.5克/分钟的果糖与1.0克/分钟的葡萄糖组合（90克/小时）。在0、45、90和120分钟时评估各项指标，包括胃肠道不适、精神疲劳、传球准确性、神经肌肉表现（反应力量指数、反向移动跳跃高度和峰值功率输出）以及短跑表现（15米和30米短跑）。每隔15分钟评估血糖和乳酸浓度。果糖 - 葡萄糖共同摄入使血糖浓度从105分钟开始升高（p = 0.006，d = 1.2），但未维持表现（p > 0.05）。葡萄糖组在45分钟时的胃反流胃肠道症状（p = 0.011，d = 0.9）、90分钟时的饱腹感（p = 0.013，d = 0.9）以及120分钟时的肠胃胀气情况恶化（p = 0.003，d = 1.1）。果糖 - 葡萄糖组在45分钟（p < 0.001，d = 1.7）和90分钟（p < 0.001，d = 1.6）时的腹部绞痛更严重。尽管补充剂对其他变量没有影响（p > 0.05），但在两种情况下，反向移动跳跃高度、峰值功率输出和短跑表现均受到运动的负面影响（p < 0.05）。在长时间模拟足球比赛中，较高剂量的果糖 - 葡萄糖共同摄入可提高血糖浓度，但不能减轻技术和神经肌肉表现的损伤。
