Thompson J G, Myers N A
Child Dev. 1985 Oct;56(5):1134-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00182.x.
Inferences and recall at ages 4 and 7 were studied as a function of the cause of a target event, the presence and timing of questions prior to recall, and the type of inference demanded by the questions. 7-year-olds inferred and recalled well with stories containing any of the causal connections employed in the study. 4-year-olds performed better when physical causes, rather than either psychological causes or enabling relations, connected events. Timing of questions did not affect the 7-year-olds' inferences, but asking questions interfered with their recall. Questions about story events aided the 4-year-olds' ability to make inferences and to recall, especially when causal connections were least specified and when questions were asked following the story. 4- and 7-year-olds also differed in responding to demands for 3 specific types of inference. 4-year-olds produced significantly more unconstrained inferences than logical or constrained informational inferences. 7-year-olds were most responsive to logical inference questions, and produced significantly more logical than constrained inferences.
研究了4岁和7岁儿童的推理和回忆，将其作为目标事件原因、回忆前问题的存在和时间以及问题所要求的推理类型的函数。7岁儿童对包含研究中使用的任何因果关系的故事进行推理和回忆的表现良好。当事件由物理原因而非心理原因或促成关系联系起来时，4岁儿童的表现更好。问题的时间对7岁儿童的推理没有影响，但提问会干扰他们的回忆。关于故事事件的问题有助于4岁儿童进行推理和回忆的能力，尤其是当因果关系最不明确且在故事之后提问时。4岁和7岁儿童在对三种特定类型推理要求的反应上也存在差异。4岁儿童产生的无限制推理明显多于逻辑推理或受限信息推理。7岁儿童对逻辑推理问题反应最强烈，产生的逻辑推理明显多于受限推理。
