Guo Jiawei, Zhou Hui, Jia Liguo, Wang Yongqiang, Fan Mingshou, Wang Meirong, Liu Peng, Shang Zhihui
College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-Hydrology National Observation and Research Station, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Jun 5;16:1571305. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1571305. eCollection 2025.
The North China region is a major potato production area, but water scarcity and poor soil fertility limit potato growth. Biochar is a promising approach to improve soil quality and enhance crop productivity. However, the effects of different biochar pyrolysis temperatures and application rates on potato growth, economic benefits, quality, water and fertilizer use efficiency, and soil nutrient retention remain unclear.
A field experiment was conducted during 2023-2024 to evaluate the effects of biochar pyrolysis temperatures (T1: 300°C, T2: 500°C, T3: 700°C) and application rates (C1: 10 t ha, C2: 20 t ha, C3: 30 t ha) on comprehensive potato cultivation performance. A multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (PFCE) model was used to determine the optimal biochar application strategy.
Potato growth indicators, water and fertilizer use efficiency, starch, and vitamin C content exhibited a parabolic trend, with the C2T2 treatment performing best. Net income was highest for the CK treatment in 2023 and for C2T2 in 2024. Reducing sugar content was lowest in C2T2; soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation was lowest in C3T2; soil available phosphorus was lowest in C1T3; and soil available potassium was lowest in CK. PFCE analysis indicated that C2T2 achieved multi-objective optimization for yield, quality, efficiency, and environmental sustainability.
Based on PFCE results and practical production considerations, applying biochar at 400-500°C pyrolysis temperature and 18-20 t ha application rate is recommended for North China to maximize comprehensive benefits.
华北地区是主要的马铃薯产区，但水资源短缺和土壤肥力差限制了马铃薯生长。生物炭是改善土壤质量和提高作物生产力的一种有前景的方法。然而，不同生物炭热解温度和施用量对马铃薯生长、经济效益、品质、水肥利用效率及土壤养分保持的影响仍不明确。
于2023 - 2024年进行田间试验，评估生物炭热解温度（T1：300°C，T2：500°C，T3：700°C）和施用量（C1：10 t/ha，C2：20 t/ha，C3：30 t/ha）对马铃薯综合栽培性能的影响。采用多层次模糊综合评价（PFCE）模型确定最佳生物炭施用策略。
马铃薯生长指标、水肥利用效率、淀粉和维生素C含量呈抛物线趋势，C2T2处理表现最佳。2023年净收益最高的是CK处理，2024年是C2T2处理。C2T2处理的还原糖含量最低；C3T2处理的土壤硝态氮积累量最低；C1T3处理的土壤有效磷含量最低；CK处理的土壤速效钾含量最低。PFCE分析表明，C2T2在产量、品质、效率和环境可持续性方面实现了多目标优化。
基于PFCE结果和实际生产考虑，建议华北地区施用热解温度为400 - 500°C、施用量为18 - 20 t/ha的生物炭，以实现综合效益最大化。
