Yu Liansheng, Korxeelor Xayvangye, Wang Ziyi, Chang Shuaifang, Jiang Xue, Wu Xiaoyun, Cheng Xiaofei
College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jun 5;16:1605199. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1605199. eCollection 2025.
The family is one of the most economically significant groups of plant RNA viruses, causing severe yield losses in agriculturally important crops. Among the viral proteins encoded by potyviruses, the 6-kilodalton peptide 1 (6K1) has emerged as a critical, albeit poorly understood player in viral pathogenesis. Despite its small size, 6K1 exhibits diverse functions, including facilitating the assembly of viral replication complex (VRC), altering host membrane permeability as a viroporin, and interacting with host factors to promote infection. This review synthesizes current knowledge on 6K1, focusing on its structural characteristics, evolutionary conservation, molecular interactions, and potential as a target for antiviral strategies. We further discuss unresolved questions surrounding its putative ion channel activity, polyprotein processing dynamics, and functional parallels with animal virus viroporins. Understanding 6K1's multifunctionality provides new insights into viral infection mechanisms and opens avenues for novel disease control approaches.
该家族是植物RNA病毒中对经济影响最为显著的群体之一，会在重要农作物中导致严重的产量损失。在马铃薯Y病毒编码的病毒蛋白中，6千道尔顿肽1（6K1）已成为病毒致病过程中的关键因素，尽管人们对其了解甚少。尽管6K1体积小，但它具有多种功能，包括促进病毒复制复合体（VRC）的组装、作为病毒离子通道改变宿主膜通透性以及与宿主因子相互作用以促进感染。本综述综合了目前关于6K1的知识，重点关注其结构特征、进化保守性、分子相互作用以及作为抗病毒策略靶点的潜力。我们还讨论了围绕其假定的离子通道活性、多聚蛋白加工动力学以及与动物病毒离子通道功能相似性的未解决问题。了解6K1的多功能性为病毒感染机制提供了新的见解，并为新型疾病控制方法开辟了道路。
