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在食物中添加盐分与代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病及其他慢性肝病的风险。

Adding salt to foods and risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and other chronic liver diseases.

作者信息

Zhang Shunming, Huo Zhenyu, Borné Yan, Sonestedt Emily, Qi Lu

机构信息

School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

出版信息

Eur J Nutr. 2025 Jun 21;64(5):224. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03745-3.


DOI:10.1007/s00394-025-03745-3
PMID:40542866
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12182457/
Abstract

PURPOSE: Adding salt to foods, a novel indicator for studying habitual sodium intake, has been positively associated with multiple diseases and mortality. However, little is known about its association with liver-related disorders. This study aimed to investigate the associations of adding salt to foods with risks of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 492,265 participants from the UK Biobank without prevalent liver diseases at baseline. The frequency of adding salt to foods was collected using a self-reported question, and incident liver-related disorders were identified through electronic health records. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the outcomes. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 13 years, 7,005 incident MASLD cases, 5,546 cirrhosis cases, and 413 HCC cases occurred. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, personal history of diseases, and diet factors, the HRs (95% CIs) of MASLD across the increasing frequency of adding salt to foods were 1.00 (reference) for never/rarely, 1.08 (1.02, 1.14) for sometimes, 1.22 (1.13, 1.31) for usually, and 1.40 (1.27, 1.53) for always, with a P for trend < 0.0001. Such association was partly driven by adiposity. Also, similar positive associations were observed for cirrhosis and HCC. CONCLUSIONS: A higher frequency of adding salt to foods was associated with increased risks of MASLD, cirrhosis, and HCC. Reducing adding salt to foods at the table could be included in public health initiatives to promote liver health.

摘要

目的:在食物中加盐是一种研究习惯性钠摄入的新指标,它与多种疾病和死亡率呈正相关。然而,关于其与肝脏相关疾病的关联知之甚少。本研究旨在调查在食物中加盐与代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(MASLD)、肝硬化和肝细胞癌(HCC)风险之间的关联。 方法:这项前瞻性队列研究纳入了英国生物银行的492,265名参与者,他们在基线时无肝脏疾病。通过自我报告问题收集在食物中加盐的频率,并通过电子健康记录识别新发肝脏相关疾病。使用多变量Cox比例风险模型估计结局的风险比(HR)和95%置信区间(CI)。 结果:在中位随访13年期间,发生了7,

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/36e7/12182457/e2c3f2386fcd/394_2025_3745_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/36e7/12182457/dad79313cb3c/394_2025_3745_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/36e7/12182457/e2c3f2386fcd/394_2025_3745_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/36e7/12182457/dad79313cb3c/394_2025_3745_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/36e7/12182457/e2c3f2386fcd/394_2025_3745_Fig3_HTML.jpg

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[1]
Adding salt to foods and risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and other chronic liver diseases.

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[8]
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[9]
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本文引用的文献

[1]
Hepatocellular carcinoma: updates on epidemiology, surveillance, diagnosis and treatment.

Clin Mol Hepatol. 2025-2

[2]
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: heterogeneous pathomechanisms and effectiveness of metabolism-based treatment.

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025-2

[3]
Resmetirom therapy for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: October 2024 updates to AASLD Practice Guidance.

Hepatology. 2025-1-1

[4]
Association of Adding Salt to Foods and Potassium Intake with Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the UK Biobank Study.

Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2024-9-19

[5]
Regional gray matter changes in steatotic liver disease provide a neurobiological link to depression: A cross-sectional UK Biobank cohort study.

Metabolism. 2024-10

[6]
Adherence to a healthy lifestyle including sleep and sedentary behaviors and risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Chinese adults.

Prev Med. 2024-7

[7]
Adding salt to food at table as an indicator of gastric cancer risk among adults: a prospective study.

Gastric Cancer. 2024-7

[8]
Current status and future trends of the global burden of MASLD.

Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2024-8

[9]
Sex-Specific Association between Sodium Intake Estimated by 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

Nutrients. 2024-2-16

[10]
Self-Reported Frequency of Adding Salt to Food and Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease.

JAMA Netw Open. 2023-12-1

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