Zhang Shunming, Huo Zhenyu, Borné Yan, Sonestedt Emily, Qi Lu
School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Eur J Nutr. 2025 Jun 21;64(5):224. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03745-3.
PURPOSE: Adding salt to foods, a novel indicator for studying habitual sodium intake, has been positively associated with multiple diseases and mortality. However, little is known about its association with liver-related disorders. This study aimed to investigate the associations of adding salt to foods with risks of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 492,265 participants from the UK Biobank without prevalent liver diseases at baseline. The frequency of adding salt to foods was collected using a self-reported question, and incident liver-related disorders were identified through electronic health records. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the outcomes. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 13 years, 7,005 incident MASLD cases, 5,546 cirrhosis cases, and 413 HCC cases occurred. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, personal history of diseases, and diet factors, the HRs (95% CIs) of MASLD across the increasing frequency of adding salt to foods were 1.00 (reference) for never/rarely, 1.08 (1.02, 1.14) for sometimes, 1.22 (1.13, 1.31) for usually, and 1.40 (1.27, 1.53) for always, with a P for trend < 0.0001. Such association was partly driven by adiposity. Also, similar positive associations were observed for cirrhosis and HCC. CONCLUSIONS: A higher frequency of adding salt to foods was associated with increased risks of MASLD, cirrhosis, and HCC. Reducing adding salt to foods at the table could be included in public health initiatives to promote liver health.
目的:在食物中加盐是一种研究习惯性钠摄入的新指标,它与多种疾病和死亡率呈正相关。然而,关于其与肝脏相关疾病的关联知之甚少。本研究旨在调查在食物中加盐与代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(MASLD)、肝硬化和肝细胞癌(HCC)风险之间的关联。 方法:这项前瞻性队列研究纳入了英国生物银行的492,265名参与者,他们在基线时无肝脏疾病。通过自我报告问题收集在食物中加盐的频率,并通过电子健康记录识别新发肝脏相关疾病。使用多变量Cox比例风险模型估计结局的风险比(HR)和95%置信区间(CI)。 结果:在中位随访13年期间,发生了7,
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