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体操运动员落地的生物力学:一项范围综述。

Biomechanics of landing in gymnasts: a scoping review.

作者信息

Pavlasová Kateřina, Bizovská Lucia, Gába Aleš, Farana Roman, Janura Miroslav

机构信息

Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.

Department of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia.

出版信息

Front Sports Act Living. 2025 Jun 6;7:1602058. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1602058. eCollection 2025.


DOI:10.3389/fspor.2025.1602058
PMID:40546775
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12179790/
Abstract

This scoping review aimed to map methodologies used to assess landing biomechanics in gymnasts, focusing on muscle function and stability. Four research questions were formed, addressing common methodological approaches, factors affecting stability, and the relationships between muscle function, strength, and stability during landing. The searches were conducted across six databases and supplemented by reference and forward citation searches. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 212 participants aged 8-25 years, predominantly competitive gymnasts. The studies revealed significant variability in methods for assessing postural stabilization and muscle function during landing. Stabilization was evaluated using time to stabilization and center of pressure metrics, while muscle activity was predominantly measured via surface electromyography, focusing on lower limb muscles. Factors such as drop height, age, training level, and task-specific demands influenced muscle activity patterns but were inconsistently reported. Gymnasts demonstrated superior neuromuscular control compared to untrained individuals, with distinct muscle activation patterns during landing phases. Despite these insights, no studies examined the interplay between muscle strength, activity, and stabilization metrics. The lack of standardized methodologies limits direct comparisons and generalizations. This review highlights the need for consistent protocols and further research to explore relationships between muscle function, stability metrics, and performance outcomes in gymnastics.

摘要

本综述旨在梳理用于评估体操运动员落地生物力学的方法,重点关注肌肉功能和稳定性。提出了四个研究问题,涉及常见的方法学途径、影响稳定性的因素以及落地过程中肌肉功能、力量和稳定性之间的关系。检索了六个数据库,并辅以参考文献和正向引文检索。八项研究符合纳入标准,涵盖212名年龄在8至25岁之间的参与者,主要是竞技体操运动员。研究表明,在评估落地时姿势稳定和肌肉功能的方法上存在显著差异。使用稳定时间和压力中心指标评估稳定性,而肌肉活动主要通过表面肌电图测量,重点关注下肢肌肉。诸如跌落高度、年龄、训练水平和特定任务需求等因素会影响肌肉活动模式,但报告并不一致。与未经训练的个体相比,体操运动员表现出卓越的神经肌肉控制能力,在落地阶段具有独特的肌肉激活模式。尽管有这些见解,但尚无研究考察肌肉力量、活动和稳定指标之间的相互作用。缺乏标准化方法限制了直接比较和概括。本综述强调需要一致的方案和进一步研究,以探索体操运动中肌肉功能、稳定性指标和运动表现结果之间的关系。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8c99/12179790/0cec87404cea/fspor-07-1602058-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8c99/12179790/59e209091c4e/fspor-07-1602058-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8c99/12179790/0cec87404cea/fspor-07-1602058-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8c99/12179790/59e209091c4e/fspor-07-1602058-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8c99/12179790/0cec87404cea/fspor-07-1602058-g002.jpg

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本文引用的文献

[1]
New Insights Optimize Landing Strategies to Reduce Lower Limb Injury Risk.

Cyborg Bionic Syst. 2024-5-22

[2]
Accurately and effectively predict the ACL force: Utilizing biomechanical landing pattern before and after-fatigue.

Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2023-11

[3]
Isokinetic leg muscle strength relationship to dynamic balance reflects gymnast-specific differences in adolescent females.

Front Physiol. 2023-1-9

[4]
Analysis of landing performance and ankle injury in elite British artistic gymnastics using a modified drop land task: A longitudinal observational study.

Phys Ther Sport. 2022-5

[5]
Postural stability at different heights as well as in natural standing position and during tandem stance in female athletes who practice artistic gymnastics.

Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2021

[6]
Screening Tools as a Predictor of Injury in Gymnastics: Systematic Literature Review.

Sports Med Open. 2021-10-11

[7]
Biomechanical responses to landing strategies of female artistic gymnasts.

Eur J Sport Sci. 2022-11

[8]
The Neuromuscular Characteristics of Gymnasts' Jumps and Landings at Particular Stages of Sports Training.

J Hum Kinet. 2021-3-31

[9]
Strategies of elite Chinese gymnasts in coping with landing impact from backward somersault.

PeerJ. 2019-10-25

[10]
Changes in Floor Exercise Characteristics in World Elite Male Gymnasts.

J Hum Kinet. 2019-7-5

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