Kyselovičová Oľga, Zemková Erika, Péliová Katarína, Matejová Lenka
Department of Gymnastics, Dance, Fitness & Combat Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Front Physiol. 2023 Jan 9;13:1084019. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1084019. eCollection 2022.
Balance, together with other motor qualities, plays an important role in the successful execution of specific gymnastic skills. However, it is also not clear whether different demands on dynamic balance and power produced by lower limb can be observed in sport-specific differences among gymnasts of various modalities. The question also is as to what extent isokinetic leg muscle strength contributes to anterior and posterior postural stability in gymnasts. Therefore, the aim of the study was i) to compare variables of dynamic balance and isokinetic leg muscle strength in rhythmic, artistic, and aerobic gymnasts, and ii) to investigate the relationship of reach distances in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions, as well as the composite score in the Y-balance test with an isokinetic muscle strength during knee extension and flexion at different velocities in female gymnasts of various disciplines. Altogether seven aerobic, five artistic, and six rhythmic gymnasts performed the Y-balance test and isokinetic leg muscle strength test at 60°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s. Results showed significant between-group differences in the composite score in the Y-balance test of the dominant ( = 3.536, = .041) and non-dominant symmetry ( = 4.804, = .015). Similarly, average power produced during knee extension and knee flexion at 60°/s, 180°/s and 300°/s differed significantly among these groups (all at ˂0.05). In addition, there was a significant relationship between the composite score of the dominant limb symmetry and isokinetic dominant limb extension strength at 60°/s ( = .54), 180°/s ( = .87), and 300°/s ( = .84) in aerobic gymnasts. The composite score of the dominant limb symmetry was also associated with isokinetic dominant limb extension strength, albeit only at 60°/s in both artistic ( = .60) and rhythmic gymnasts ( = .55). Such between-group differences may be ascribed to their different demands on maintenance of balance under dynamic conditions and leg muscle power within their sport specializations. Taking into account significant association between the dominant limb symmetry and isokinetic dominant limb extension strength, it may be concluded that both muscle strength and fast speeds contribute to dynamic balance in adolescent gymnasts.
平衡与其他运动素质一起,在特定体操技能的成功执行中起着重要作用。然而,不同类型的体操运动员在特定运动项目中的差异是否会导致对下肢动态平衡和力量产生不同要求,这一点也尚不清楚。问题还在于等速腿部肌肉力量在多大程度上有助于体操运动员的前后姿势稳定性。因此,本研究的目的是:i)比较艺术体操、竞技体操和有氧体操运动员的动态平衡变量和等速腿部肌肉力量;ii)调查不同项目的女性体操运动员在向前、后内侧和后外侧方向的伸展距离以及Y平衡测试中的综合得分与不同速度下膝关节屈伸时等速肌肉力量之间的关系。共有七名有氧体操运动员、五名竞技体操运动员和六名艺术体操运动员在60°/秒、180°/秒和300°/秒的速度下进行了Y平衡测试和等速腿部肌肉力量测试。结果显示,在优势侧(F = 3.536,p = .041)和非优势侧对称性(F = 4.804,p = .015)的Y平衡测试综合得分上,组间存在显著差异。同样,在60°/秒、180°/秒和300°/秒的速度下,膝关节屈伸过程中产生的平均功率在这些组之间也存在显著差异(均p ˂0.05)。此外,有氧体操运动员优势侧肢体对称性综合得分与60°/秒(r = .54)、180°/秒(r = .87)和300°/秒(r = .84)时的等速优势侧肢体伸展力量之间存在显著关系。优势侧肢体对称性综合得分在竞技体操(r = .60)和艺术体操(r = .55)运动员中也与等速优势侧肢体伸展力量相关,尽管仅在60°/秒时。这种组间差异可能归因于他们在各自运动专项中对动态条件下平衡维持和腿部肌肉力量的不同要求。考虑到优势侧肢体对称性与等速优势侧肢体伸展力量之间的显著关联,可以得出结论,肌肉力量和快速速度都有助于青少年体操运动员的动态平衡。
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