Tan Xiaojiayu, He Yue, Zhou Yuan, Li Xinying, Ding Qingwen, Tang Yikai, Luo Yu L L, Gu Ruolei
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Sep;12(35):e06262. doi: 10.1002/advs.202506262. Epub 2025 Jun 23.
Despite the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) agents, substantial individual differences in public acceptance persist. To explain the difference in attitudes toward AI agents, existing research has primarily focused on environmental factors. However, evolutionary psychology research suggests that the mechanism of outgroup rejection has a genetic basis, highlighting the need to explore the potential genetic underpinnings of negative attitudes toward AI agents as an outgroup in human society. This study examines the genetic basis of negative attitudes toward AI agents and their relationship with related personality traits, using a twin study design to assess negative attitudes toward AI agents, victim sensitivity, and moral preferences. Univariate genetic analyses revealed significant heritability of these negative attitudes. Bivariate analyses further identify shared genetic influences between victim sensitivity and personal-level fear and wariness toward robots. Similarly, a shared genetic basis is observed between the moral preferences concerning authority and sociotechnical blindness anxiety toward AI agents. These findings extend the understanding of social cognition in AI agents by emphasizing the role of genetic factors in shaping attitudes toward them. Moreover, they provide new insights for enhancing public acceptance of AI agents and optimizing human-machine interactions.
尽管人工智能（AI）主体迅速发展，但公众接受度仍存在显著的个体差异。为了解释对AI主体态度的差异，现有研究主要集中在环境因素上。然而，进化心理学研究表明，对外群体排斥的机制有遗传基础，这凸显了探索对作为人类社会外群体的AI主体持负面态度的潜在遗传基础的必要性。本研究采用双生子研究设计，评估对AI主体的负面态度、受害者敏感性和道德偏好，以此考察对AI主体持负面态度的遗传基础及其与相关人格特质的关系。单变量遗传分析揭示了这些负面态度的显著遗传性。双变量分析进一步确定了受害者敏感性与个人层面的恐惧以及对机器人的警惕之间存在共同的遗传影响。同样，在关于权威的道德偏好与对AI主体的社会技术盲目焦虑之间也观察到了共同的遗传基础。这些发现通过强调遗传因素在塑造对AI主体态度中的作用，扩展了对AI主体社会认知的理解。此外，它们为提高公众对AI主体的接受度和优化人机交互提供了新的见解。
